Wiktionary

summer

See also: Summer

EnglishEdit

 
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PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English somer, sumer, from Old English sumor (“summer”), from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz (“summer”), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó-, oblique of *semh₂- (“summer, year”).

Cognate with Scots somer, sumer, simer (“summer”), West Frisian simmer (“summer”), Saterland Frisian Suumer (“summer”), Dutch zomer (“summer”), Low German Sommer (“summer”), German Sommer (“summer”), Danish and Norwegian Bokmål sommer (“summer”), Swedish sommar (“summer”), Norwegian Nynorsk and Icelandic sumar (“summer”), Welsh haf (“summer”), Armenian ամ (am, “year”), ամառ (amaṙ, “summer”), Sanskrit समा (sámā, “a half-year, season, weather, year”), Northern Kurdish havîn (“summer”), Central Kurdish ھاوین‎ (hawîn, “summer”).

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

summer (countable and uncountable, plural summers)

 
Summer in Germany
  1. One of four seasons, traditionally the second, marked by the longest and typically hottest days of the year due to the inclination of the Earth and thermal lag. Typically regarded as being from June 21 to September 22 or 23 in parts of the USA, the months of June, July and August in the United Kingdom and the months of December, January and February in the Southern Hemisphere.
    the heat of summer
    • a1420, The British Museum Additional MS, 12,056, “Wounds complicated by the Dislocation of a Bone”, in Robert von Fleischhacker, editor, Lanfranc's "Science of cirurgie.", London: K. Paul, Trench, Trübner & Co, translation of original by Lanfranc of Milan, published 1894, →ISBN, page 63:
      Ne take noon hede to brynge togidere þe parties of þe boon þat is to-broken or dislocate, til viij. daies ben goon in þe wyntir, & v. in þe somer; for þanne it schal make quytture, and be sikir from swellynge; & þanne brynge togidere þe brynkis eiþer þe disiuncture after þe techynge þat schal be seid in þe chapitle of algebra.
    • 1892, Walter Besant, chapter II, in The Ivory Gate […], New York, N.Y.: Harper & Brothers, […], →OCLC:
      At twilight in the summer there is never anybody to fear—man, woman, or cat—in the chambers and at that hour the mice come out. They do not eat parchment or foolscap or red tape, but they eat the luncheon crumbs.
    • 1913, Joseph C. Lincoln, chapter 1, in Mr. Pratt's Patients:
      A chap named Eleazir Kendrick and I had chummed in together the summer afore and built a fish-weir and shanty at Setuckit Point, down Orham way. For a spell we done pretty well.
    • 1963, Margery Allingham, chapter 5, in The China Governess‎[1]:
      A waiter brought his aperitif, which was a small scotch and soda, and as he sipped it gratefully he sighed. ¶ ‘Civilized,’ he said to Mr. Campion. ‘Humanizing.’ […] ‘Cigars and summer days and women in big hats with swansdown face-powder, that's what it reminds me of.’
  2. (poetic or humorous) year; used to give the age of a person, usually a young one.
    He was barely eighteen summers old.
    She had seen not more than twenty summers.
  3. (countable, fashion) Someone with light, pinkish skin that has a blue undertone, light hair and eyes, seen as best suited to certain colors of clothing.
Usage notesEdit

Note that season names are not capitalized in modern English unless at the beginning of a sentence, for example, I can't wait for spring to arrive. Exceptions occur when the season is personified, as in Old Man Winter, is used as part of a name, as in the Winter War, or is used as a given name, as in Summer Glau. This is in contrast to the days of the week and months of the year, which are always capitalized (Thursday or September).

AntonymsEdit
Coordinate termsEdit
Derived termsEdit
terms derived from the noun summer
TranslationsEdit

VerbEdit

summer (third-person singular simple present summers, present participle summering, simple past and past participle summered)

  1. (intransitive) To spend the summer, as in a particular place on holiday.
    We like to summer in the Mediterranean.
Derived termsEdit
terms derived from summer (verb)
TranslationsEdit

See alsoEdit

Seasons in English · seasons (layout · text) · category
spring summer autumn, fall winter

Etymology 2Edit

From Middle English somer, from Anglo-Norman summer, sumer, from Vulgar Latin saumārius, for Late Latin sagmārius, from Latin sagma (“sum”). Compare sumpter.

NounEdit

summer (plural summers)

  2. (architecture) A horizontal beam supporting a building.
    Synonyms: summerbeam, summertree
  3. (obsolete) A pack-horse.
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

sum +‎ -er

NounEdit

summer (plural summers)

  1. A person who sums.
  2. A machine or algorithm that sums.
    • 2014, Michael R. Lindeburg, FE Mechanical Review Manual (Ch. 48, pg. 2)
      A basic feedback system consists of ... and a summing point (comparator or summer).
    • 2016, George H. Olsen, Ian Burdess, Computers and Microprocessors: Made Simple (page 36)
      The output of the summer is therefore fed into the input of the first integrator.
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit

Alemannic GermanEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old High German sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz. Cognate with German Sommer, English summer, Dutch zomer, West Frisian simmer, Icelandic sumar.

NounEdit

summer m

  1. (Issime, Formazza) summer

See alsoEdit

Seasons in Alemannic German · Italian Walser (layout · text) · category
Carcoforo: ustog
Formazza: langsé
Gressoney: ustag
Issime: oustaga
Rimella: üstàg 		ŝchummer
summer
sòmmer
summer
ŝchumer 		herbscht
herbscht
herbscht
hérbscht
harpscht 		winter
wénter
wénter
winter
wenter

ReferencesEdit

BavarianEdit

Alternative formsEdit

NounEdit

summer

  1. (Sappada) summer

ReferencesEdit

MòchenoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle High German sumer, from Old High German sumar, from Proto-West Germanic *sumar, from Proto-Germanic *sumaraz (“summer”). Cognate with German Sommer, English summer.

NounEdit

summer m

  1. summer

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian BokmålEdit

NounEdit

summer m

  1. indefinite plural of sum

VerbEdit

summer

  1. present of summe

Old FrenchEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Late Latin saumarius, sagmarius, from Latin sagma.

NounEdit

summer m (oblique plural summers, nominative singular summers, nominative plural summer)

  1. summer (pack horse)
  2. summer (beam)

DescendantsEdit

  • English: summer (“pack horse; horizontal beam”)

ReferencesEdit

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