sam
Translingual
editSymbol
editsam
See also
editEnglish
editEtymology 1
editAcronym.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editAudio (General Australian): (file)
Noun
editsam
- Alternative form of SAM (“surface-to-air missile”)
Etymology 2
editFrom Middle English sammen, samnen, from Old English samnian, ġesamnian (“to collect, assemble, bring together, gather, join, unite, compose, meet, glean”), from Proto-West Germanic *samnōn, from Proto-Germanic *samnōną (“to gather”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“one”). Cognate with Dutch zamelen (“to collect”), German sammeln (“to collect, gather”), Swedish samla (“to gather, collect”), Icelandic samna (“to gather, collect”). More at same.
Alternative forms
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsam (third-person singular simple present sams, present participle samming, simple past and past participle sammed)
- (transitive, UK dialectal) To assemble.
- (transitive, UK dialectal, of persons) To bring together; join (in marriage, friendship, love, etc.).
- (transitive, UK dialectal, of things) To bring together; collect; put in order; arrange.
- 1905, Keighley Snowden, Princess Joyce:
- I sammed it up for ye
- (intransitive, UK dialectal) To assemble; come together.
- (transitive, UK dialectal) To coagulate; curdle (milk).
Usage notes
editDerived terms
editEtymology 3
editFrom Middle English sām (“together”), from Old English samen (“together”), from Proto-West Germanic *saman, from Proto-Germanic *samanai (“together”), from Proto-Indo-European *sem- (“together, one”).
Adverb
editsam (not comparable)
- (obsolete) Together
- 1590, Edmund Spenser, “(please specify the book)”, in The Faerie Queene. […], London: […] [John Wolfe] for William Ponsonbie, →OCLC:
- Now are they saints all in that city sam.
Etymology 4
editFrom Middle English sam- (prefix), from Old English sam-, from Proto-Germanic *sēmi- (“half”), from Proto-Indo-European *sēmi- (“half”). Related to semi- (via Latin).
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editsam (not comparable)
Related terms
editEtymology 5
editPossibly from Uncle Sam.
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsam (plural sams)
- (slang) Federal narcotics agent.
Anagrams
editAtong (India)
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Garo samsi, Garo sam.
Noun
editsam (Bengali script সাম)
Derived terms
editEtymology 2
editVerb
editsam- (Bengali script সাম)
- to wait
Etymology 3
editClassifier
editsam- (Bengali script সাম)
- used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc. and also tires
References
edit- van Breugel, Seino. 2015. Atong-English dictionary, second edition. Available online: https://www.academia.edu/487044/Atong_English_Dictionary.
Charrua
editNumeral
editsam
References
edit- El último charrúa: de Salsipuedes a la actualidad (1996)
- Idioma español y habla criolla: Charrúas y vilelas (1968)
- Čestmír Loukotka, Johannes Wilbert (editor), Classification of South American Indian Languages (1968, Los Angeles: Latin American Studies Center, University of California), page(s) 62
Chuukese
editNoun
editsam
Garo
editPronunciation
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Bodo-Garo *sam¹ (“grass”). Related to Atong (India) sam.
Noun
editsam
Etymology 2
editClassifier
editsam
- used with any bilateral body part, hands, eyes, etc.
Further reading
edit- Burling, R. (2003) The Language of the Modhupur Mandi (Garo) Vol. II: The Lexicon[2], Bangladesh: University of Michigan, page 275
Hokkien
editFor pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 三 (“three; the other woman; the other man; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 三). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 衫 (“unlined garment; shirt; top; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 衫). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 舢. (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 舢). |
For pronunciation and definitions of sam – see 參 (“Three Stars mansion; etc.”). (This term is the pe̍h-ōe-jī form of 參). |
Lhao Vo
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-sum (“three”). Cognate with Lashi soem" and Burmese သုံး (sum:, “three”).
Numeral
editsam
References
edit- Dr. Ola Hanson, A Dictionary of the Kachin Language (1906).
Macanese
editVerb
editsam
- Alternative form of sâm
Maltese
editRoot |
---|
s-w-m |
3 terms |
Etymology
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsam (imperfect jsum, active participle sajjem, verbal noun sawm)
- to fast
Conjugation
editConjugation of sam | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
perfect | m | somt | somt | sam | somna | somtu | samu | |
f | samet | |||||||
imperfect | m | nsum | ssum | jsum | nsumu | ssumu | jsumu | |
f | ssum | |||||||
imperative | sum | sumu |
Mizo
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.
Noun
editsam
Etymology 2
editAdjective
editsam
Nga La
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Kuki-Chin *sham, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(t)sam.
Noun
editsam
- hair (of the head)
References
edit- Matu (Chin) Dictionary by Ropna Saruum, Matupi 2007
Old Irish
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Celtic *samos (“summer”) (compare Welsh haf), from Proto-Indo-European *sm̥-h₂-ó- (compare Old English sumor, Old Armenian ամառն (amaṙn)).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editsam m (genitive unattested, no plural)
Inflection
editMasculine o-stem | |||
---|---|---|---|
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
Nominative | sam | — | — |
Vocative | saim | — | — |
Accusative | samN | — | — |
Genitive | saimL | — | — |
Dative | samL | — | — |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
|
Synonyms
editMutation
editradical | lenition | nasalization |
---|---|---|
sam | ṡam | unchanged |
Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in Old Irish.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.
Further reading
edit- Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “1 sam”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Norse
editVerb
editsam
Old Polish
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editsam
- alone, by oneself, without company
- myself, yourself, himself, etc. (emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself")
- The meaning of this term is uncertain.
Descendants
editEtymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *sěmo. First attested in the 14th century.
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editsam
Descendants
editReferences
edit- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “1. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
- B. Sieradzka-Baziur, Ewa Deptuchowa, Joanna Duska, Mariusz Frodyma, Beata Hejmo, Dorota Janeczko, Katarzyna Jasińska, Krystyna Kajtoch, Joanna Kozioł, Marian Kucała, Dorota Mika, Gabriela Niemiec, Urszula Poprawska, Elżbieta Supranowicz, Ludwika Szelachowska-Winiarzowa, Zofia Wanicowa, Piotr Szpor, Bartłomiej Borek, editors (2011–2015), “2. sam”, in Słownik pojęciowy języka staropolskiego [Conceptual Dictionary of Old Polish] (in Polish), Kraków: IJP PAN, →ISBN
Phalura
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Pronunciation
editAdverb
editsam (Perso-Arabic spelling سم)
- equally
References
editPolish
editPronunciation
edit- (Middle Polish) IPA(key): /ˈsam/
- (Greater Poland):
- (Central Greater Poland) IPA(key): /ˈsam/
Etymology 1
editInherited from Old Polish sam.
Adjective
editsam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam, no derived adverb)
Adverb
editsam (not generally comparable, comparative bardziej sam, superlative najbardziej sam)
- alone, by oneself, without company
- Synonyms: osobno, samodzielnie
- (Middle Polish or dialectal, Central Greater Poland) here (at this place)
Particle
editsam
- emphatic determiner, used similarly to "no other than" or "the very", as in "I myself"; oneself
- Przygotowując intrygę przeciwko szefowi, pani Magdalena kazała swojej córce ubrać się skromnie, a sama założyła sukienkę z głębokim dekoltem.
- Preparing the intrigue against the boss, Ms. Magdalena told her daughter to dress modestly, while she herself put on a dress with a deep neckline.
- Poszedł do samego końca.
- He went to the very end.
- by oneself, alone (by one's own volition or power, without outside help or encouragement)
Declension
editsingular | plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine animate | masculine inanimate | feminine | neuter | virile (= masculine personal) | non-virile | |
nominative | sam | sama | samo | sami | same | |
genitive | samego | samej | samego | samych | ||
dative | samemu | samej | samemu | samym | ||
accusative | samego | sam | samą | samo | samych | same |
instrumental | samym | samą | samym | samymi | ||
locative | samym | samej | samym | samych |
Derived terms
editRelated terms
edit- osamotniać impf
- osamotnić pf
Etymology 2
editClipping of sklep samoobsługowy.
Alternative forms
editNoun
editsam m inan
- (colloquial) self-service shop
- Synonym: sklep samoobsługowy
Declension
editTrivia
editAccording to Słownik frekwencyjny polszczyzny współczesnej (1990), sam is one of the most used words in Polish, appearing 159 times in scientific texts, 70 times in news, 120 times in essays, 231 times in fiction, and 302 times in plays, each out of a corpus of 100,000 words, totaling 882 times, making it the 48th most common word in a corpus of 500,000 words.[1]
References
editFurther reading
edit- sam in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
- sam in Polish dictionaries at PWN
- “SAM_I”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 February 22
- “SAM_II”, in Elektroniczny Słownik Języka Polskiego XVII i XVIII Wieku [Electronic Dictionary of the Polish Language of the XVII and XVIII Century], 2023 February 22
- Samuel Bogumił Linde (1807–1814) “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego
- Aleksander Zdanowicz (1861) “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego, Wilno 1861
- J. Karłowicz, A. Kryński, W. Niedźwiedzki, editors (1900), “sam”, in Słownik języka polskiego (in Polish), volume 1, Warsaw, page 11
- sam in Narodowy Fotokorpus Języka Polskiego
- “sam”, in “Przyczynek do słownika gwary wielkopolskiej”, in Prace Filologiczne (in Polish), volume 8, z. 1, Warsaw: skł. gł. w Księgarni E. Wende i Ska, 1916, page 98
Rohingya
editAlternative forms
edit- 𐴏𐴝𐴔 (sam) — Hanifi spelling
Etymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Noun
editsam (Hanifi spelling 𐴏𐴝𐴔)
Romani
editVerb
editsam
Serbo-Croatian
editEtymology 1
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.
Adjective
editsȃm (Cyrillic spelling са̑м, definite sȃmī)
Declension
editsingular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | sam | sama | samo | |
genitive | sama | same | sama | |
dative | samu | samoj | samu | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
sam sama |
samu | samo |
vocative | sam | sama | samo | |
locative | samu | samoj | samu | |
instrumental | samim | samom | samim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sami | same | sama | |
genitive | samih | samih | samih | |
dative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
accusative | same | same | sama | |
vocative | sami | same | sama | |
locative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
instrumental | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) |
singular | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
---|---|---|---|---|
nominative | sami | sama | samo | |
genitive | samog(a) | same | samog(a) | |
dative | samom(u/e) | samoj | samom(u/e) | |
accusative | inanimate animate |
sami samog(a) |
samu | samo |
vocative | sami | sama | samo | |
locative | samom(e/u) | samoj | samom(e/u) | |
instrumental | samim | samom | samim | |
plural | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sami | same | sama | |
genitive | samih | samih | samih | |
dative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
accusative | same | same | sama | |
vocative | sami | same | sama | |
locative | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) | |
instrumental | samim(a) | samim(a) | samim(a) |
Alternative forms
edit- sȃm
Etymology 2
editInherited from Proto-Slavic *(j)esmь, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *esmi, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésmi.
Verb
editsȁm (Cyrillic spelling са̏м)
- first-person singular present tense enclitic form of biti.
- Tu sam. — I'm here.
Silesian
editEtymology
editInherited from Old Polish sam.
Pronunciation
editPronoun
editsam
Further reading
edit- sam in silling.org
Slovene
editEtymology
editFrom Proto-Slavic *samъ, from Proto-Indo-European *somHós.
Pronunciation
editAdjective
editsȃm (not comparable)
Inflection
editHard | |||
---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nom. sing. | sám | sáma | sámo |
singular | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sám ind sámi def |
sáma | sámo |
genitive | sámega | sáme | sámega |
dative | sámemu | sámi | sámemu |
accusative | nominativeinan or genitiveanim |
sámo | sámo |
locative | sámem | sámi | sámem |
instrumental | sámim | sámo | sámim |
dual | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sáma | sámi | sámi |
genitive | sámih | sámih | sámih |
dative | sámima | sámima | sámima |
accusative | sáma | sámi | sámi |
locative | sámih | sámih | sámih |
instrumental | sámima | sámima | sámima |
plural | |||
masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | sámi | sáme | sáma |
genitive | sámih | sámih | sámih |
dative | sámim | sámim | sámim |
accusative | sáme | sáme | sáma |
locative | sámih | sámih | sámih |
instrumental | sámimi | sámimi | sámimi |
Derived terms
editFurther reading
edit- “sam”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran
- “sam”, in Termania, Amebis
- See also the general references
Swedish
editPronunciation
editVerb
editsam
- past indicative of simma
Anagrams
editVietnamese
editPronunciation
edit- (Hà Nội) IPA(key): [saːm˧˧]
- (Huế) IPA(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧]
- (Saigon) IPA(key): [ʂaːm˧˧] ~ [saːm˧˧]
Etymology 1
editHighly unlikely due to irregular sound change. Possibly from Proto-Mon-Khmer *kt₁aam (“crab”) (Norman & Mei, 1976; mistakenly glossed as "king crab"). However, Shorto (2006) includes no such derivation. Compare Vietnamese đam (“field crab”) and Lingao sam¹ (“horseshoe crab”).
Noun
edit(classifier con) sam • (杉, 衫, 𧏰, 𧓰, 𪓫)
- a horseshoe crab
- đuôi sam ― a horseshoe crab's tail; a braid/plait
See also
editEtymology 2
editNoun
edit- common purslane (Portulaca oleracea)
- Synonym: rau sam
Ye'kwana
editAlternative forms
editPronunciation
editIdeophone
editsam
References
edit- Cáceres, Natalia (2011) “samm”, in Grammaire Fonctionnelle-Typologique du Ye’kwana[4], Lyon, page 166
Zhuang
edit< 2 | 3 | 4 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sam | ||
Etymology
editFrom Proto-Tai *saːm (“three”), from Middle Chinese 三 (MC sam, “three”). Cognate with Thai สาม (sǎam), Northern Thai ᩈᩣ᩠ᨾ, Lao ສາມ (sām), Lü ᦉᦱᧄ (ṡaam), Tai Dam ꪎꪱꪣ, Shan သၢမ် (sǎam), Tai Nüa ᥔᥣᥛᥴ (sáam), Ahom 𑜏𑜪 (saṃ), Bouyei saaml.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Zhuang) IPA(key): /θaːm˨˦/
- Tone numbers: sam1
- Hyphenation: sam
Numeral
editsam (1957–1982 spelling sam)
- Translingual lemmas
- Translingual symbols
- ISO 639-2
- ISO 639-3
- English terms with audio pronunciation
- English lemmas
- English nouns
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms inherited from Old English
- English terms derived from Old English
- English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic
- English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Germanic
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English 1-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:English/æm
- Rhymes:English/æm/1 syllable
- English terms with homophones
- English verbs
- English transitive verbs
- British English
- English dialectal terms
- English terms with quotations
- English intransitive verbs
- English terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- English adverbs
- English uncomparable adverbs
- English terms with obsolete senses
- English adjectives
- English uncomparable adjectives
- English countable nouns
- English slang
- Atong (India) terms with IPA pronunciation
- Atong (India) terms inherited from Proto-Bodo-Garo
- Atong (India) terms derived from Proto-Bodo-Garo
- Atong (India) lemmas
- Atong (India) nouns
- Atong (India) nouns in Latin script
- Atong (India) verbs
- Atong (India) verbs in Latin script
- Atong (India) classifiers
- Atong (India) classifiers in Latin script
- Charrua lemmas
- Charrua numerals
- Chuukese lemmas
- Chuukese nouns
- Garo terms with IPA pronunciation
- Garo terms inherited from Proto-Bodo-Garo
- Garo terms derived from Proto-Bodo-Garo
- Garo lemmas
- Garo nouns
- Garo classifiers
- Chinese lemmas
- Hokkien lemmas
- Chinese numerals
- Hokkien numerals
- Chinese proper nouns
- Hokkien proper nouns
- Hokkien pe̍h-ōe-jī forms
- Chinese nouns
- Hokkien nouns
- Lhao Vo terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Lhao Vo terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Lhao Vo lemmas
- Lhao Vo numerals
- Macanese lemmas
- Macanese verbs
- Maltese terms belonging to the root s-w-m
- Maltese terms inherited from Arabic
- Maltese terms derived from Arabic
- Maltese 1-syllable words
- Maltese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Maltese lemmas
- Maltese verbs
- Maltese form-I verbs
- Maltese hollow form-I verbs
- Maltese hollow verbs
- Mizo terms inherited from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Mizo terms derived from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Mizo terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mizo terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Mizo lemmas
- Mizo nouns
- Mizo adjectives
- Nga La terms inherited from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Nga La terms derived from Proto-Kuki-Chin
- Nga La terms inherited from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Nga La terms derived from Proto-Sino-Tibetan
- Nga La lemmas
- Nga La nouns
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Irish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *semh₂-
- Old Irish terms inherited from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms derived from Proto-Celtic
- Old Irish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Irish lemmas
- Old Irish nouns
- Old Irish masculine nouns
- Old Irish masculine o-stem nouns
- Old Irish uncountable nouns
- sga:Seasons
- Old Norse non-lemma forms
- Old Norse verb forms
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Old Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Old Polish lemmas
- Old Polish pronouns
- Old Polish terms with uncertain meaning
- Old Polish adverbs
- Phalura terms with IPA pronunciation
- Phalura lemmas
- Phalura adverbs
- Polish 1-syllable words
- Polish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Polish terms with audio pronunciation
- Rhymes:Polish/am
- Rhymes:Polish/am/1 syllable
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Polish terms inherited from Old Polish
- Polish terms derived from Old Polish
- Polish lemmas
- Polish adjectives
- Polish adverbs
- Middle Polish
- Polish dialectal terms
- Central Greater Poland Polish
- Polish particles
- Polish terms with usage examples
- Polish irregular adjectives
- Polish clippings
- Polish nouns
- Polish masculine nouns
- Polish inanimate nouns
- Polish colloquialisms
- Polish location adverbs
- Polish manner adverbs
- pl:Shops
- Rohingya lemmas
- Rohingya nouns
- Romani non-lemma forms
- Romani verb forms
- Serbo-Croatian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Serbo-Croatian lemmas
- Serbo-Croatian adjectives
- Serbo-Croatian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Serbo-Croatian non-lemma forms
- Serbo-Croatian verb forms
- Silesian terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Silesian terms inherited from Old Polish
- Silesian terms derived from Old Polish
- Silesian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Silesian/am
- Rhymes:Silesian/am/1 syllable
- Silesian lemmas
- Silesian pronouns
- Slovene terms inherited from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Slavic
- Slovene terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Slovene 1-syllable words
- Slovene terms with IPA pronunciation
- Slovene lemmas
- Slovene adjectives
- Swedish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Swedish non-lemma forms
- Swedish verb forms
- Vietnamese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Vietnamese terms inherited from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Vietnamese terms derived from Proto-Mon-Khmer
- Vietnamese nouns classified by con
- Vietnamese lemmas
- Vietnamese nouns
- Vietnamese terms with usage examples
- Vietnamese nouns classified by cây
- vi:Arthropods
- Ye'kwana terms with IPA pronunciation
- Ye'kwana lemmas
- Ye'kwana ideophones
- Zhuang terms inherited from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang terms derived from Proto-Tai
- Zhuang terms derived from Middle Chinese
- Zhuang terms with IPA pronunciation
- Zhuang 1-syllable words
- Zhuang lemmas
- Zhuang numerals