Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/hako

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology

From earlier *šako, borrowed from Proto-Baltic [Term?] (whence Lithuanian šaka (“branch of a tree”)).

Noun

*hako

1. branch of a conifer tree
2. needle (leaf of a conifer tree)
3. fallen, rotten or waterlogged tree trunk

Inflection

Inflection of *hako

Note: The Proto-Finnic declension system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
		singular	plural
nominative		*hako	*hagot
accusative		*hagon	*hagot
genitive		*hagon	*hakodën *hakoidën
partitive		*hakoda	*hakoida
inessive		*hagossa *hagohna	*hagoissa *hagoihna
elative		*hagosta	*hagoista
illative		*hakohën	*hakoihën
adessive		*hagolla	*hagoilla
ablative		*hagolta	*hagoilta
allative		*hakolën *hakolëk	*hakoilën *hakoilëk
essive		*hakona	*hakoina
translative		*hagoksi	*hagoiksi
instructive		*hagon	*hagoin
comitative		*hakonëk	*hakoinëk
abessive		*hagotta	*hagoitta

Descendants

• Estonian: hagu
• Finnish: hako
• Ingrian: hako
• Karelian:
  • North Karelian: hako
  • South Karelian: hago
• Livonian: a’g
• Livvi: hago
• Ludian: hago
• Veps: hago
• Võro: hago
• Votic: hako

Further reading

• “hagu”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “hako”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[2] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN