fallen
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (UK) IPA(key): /ˈfɔːlən/
- (General American) IPA(key): /ˈfɔlən/
- (cot–caught merger) IPA(key): /ˈfɑlən/
Audio (US) (file) - Rhymes: (UK) -ɔːlən, (cot–caught merger) -ɑlən
VerbEdit
fallen
- past participle of fall
AdjectiveEdit
fallen (not generally comparable, comparative more fallen, superlative most fallen)
- Having dropped by the force of gravity.
- fallen raindrops
- (literary) Killed in battle.
- to honor fallen soldiers
- Having lost one's chastity.
- a fallen woman
- 1964, Katharine Hillyer, Mark Twain, Young Reporter in Virginia City: The Racy, Rollicking Adventures of a Great Author in the Gamiest, Richest, Mightiest Town in All the Frontier West!:
- Madam Julia was the town's ranking prostitute; virtuous female society demanded that they not suffer the unbearable pain of looking at, and being in company with, a fallen woman— one of the happiest, fallenest women in history, by the way.
- 1991, Kelly Walsh, Nightshades and Orchids (→ISBN)
- "You make yourself out to be the fallenest of fallen women." Tilting her head toward Sharon, Debbie grinned. "Let's face it. There can't be winners without losers, and I'm a loser. But look at it this way. I make it possible for some other woman […]
- Having collapsed.
- a fallen building
- Having lost prestige, (Christian) grace, etc.
- 1913, John Bigelow, Retrospections of an Active Life: 1867-1871, page 397:
- That fallenest of our fallen race has left town — said to be near Fontainebleau by some, in Italy by others. More consequent with himself than usual, he is fulfilling, in the only possible way left open to him, his promise […]
- 1913, John Bigelow, Retrospections of an Active Life: 1867-1871, page 397:
Usage notesEdit
- Rarely, the superlative form fallenest is encountered.
SynonymsEdit
- (having collapsed): collapsed
AntonymsEdit
- (having lost prestige, (Christian) grace, etc.): arisen
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
NounEdit
fallen (plural fallen)
- (plural only) The dead.
- (plural only) Casualties of battle or war.
- (countable, Christianity) One who has fallen, as from grace.
- 1873, James Strong, Cyclopaedia of Biblical, theological, and ecclesiastical literature, volume 5:
- In the Augustinian period, however, sin was held to be a death-inflicting agent, implying that the fallen was dead, and had to be restored to life.
TranslationsEdit
CatalanEdit
VerbEdit
fallen
- third-person plural present indicative form of fallar
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German vallen, from Old High German fallan, from Proto-West Germanic *fallan, from Proto-Germanic *fallaną, from Proto-Indo-European *pōl-. Akin to Low German fallen, Dutch vallen, English fall, Danish falde, Dutch falla.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
fallen (class 7 strong, third-person singular present fällt, past tense fiel, past participle gefallen, auxiliary sein)
- (intransitive) to fall; to drop
- 1960, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, ‘Gespenster’:
- Das Programm fiel ihr aus der Hand.
- The programme fell from her hand.
- Der Regen fiel wie aus Eimern.
- It rained cats and dogs. (literally: 'The rain fell as if out of buckets.')
- Sie fiel zu Boden.
- She fell to the floor.
- 1960, Marie Luise Kaschnitz, ‘Gespenster’:
- (intransitive, military) to die; to fall in battle; to die in battle; to be killed in action
- 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 31:
- Bei einem Patrouillenritt, zu dem er sich freiwillig gemeldet, war der älteste der Enkel gefallen. Ruhte nun fern in Feindesland.
- On a patrolling ride, for which he had volunteered, the oldest of the grandchildren had died. Rested now far away in enemy country.
- 1918, Elisabeth von Heyking, Die Orgelpfeifen, in: Zwei Erzählungen, Phillipp Reclam jun. Verlag, page 31:
- (intransitive) to fall, to collapse, to be overthrown.
- Das Römische Reich fiel auf Grund der Völkerwanderung.
- The Roman Empire was overthrown by the consequences of the Migration period.
- (intransitive) to become lower, to decrease, to decline
- Zur Zeit der Finanzkrise fielen viele Aktienkurse um zahlreiche Prozentpunkte.
- During the banking scandal many stock prices decreased by a large percentage.
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | fallen | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
present participle | fallend | ||||
past participle | gefallen | ||||
auxiliary | sein | ||||
indicative | subjunctive | ||||
present | ich falle | wir fallen | i | ich falle | wir fallen |
du fällst | ihr fallt | du fallest | ihr fallet | ||
er fällt | sie fallen | er falle | sie fallen | ||
preterite | ich fiel | wir fielen | ii | ich fiele1 | wir fielen1 |
du fielst | ihr fielt | du fielest1 du fielst1 |
ihr fielet1 ihr fielt1 | ||
er fiel | sie fielen | er fiele1 | sie fielen1 | ||
imperative | fall (du) falle (du) |
fallt (ihr) |
1Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
SynonymsEdit
- (die in a war): im Feld bleiben
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
- “fallen” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
- “fallen” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
- “fallen” in Duden online
- “fallen” in OpenThesaurus.de
Low GermanEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- vallen (New Saxon Spelling)
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German vallen, from Old Saxon fallan, from Proto-West Germanic *fallan, from Proto-Germanic *fallaną.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
fallen (past singular full, past participle fullen, auxiliary verb wesen)
- (ergative) to fall, tumble
- de Avend fallt ― the evening falls
- in Slaap fallen ― to fall asleep
- to happen
- dat is op düssen Dag fullen ― that happened on that day
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | fallen | |
---|---|---|
indicative | present | preterite |
1st person singular | fall | full |
2nd person singular | falls(t) | fulls(t) |
3rd person singular | fall(t) | full |
plural | fallt, fallen | fullen |
imperative | present | — |
singular | fall | |
plural | fallt | |
participle | present | past |
fallen | (e)fullen, gefullen | |
Note: This conjugation is one of many; neither its grammar nor spelling apply to all dialects. |
Middle EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old English feallan, from Proto-West Germanic *fallan, from Proto-Germanic *fallaną. Weak forms are due to the conflation of this verb with fellen (“to fell”) in some dialects.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
fallen
- to fall
ConjugationEdit
infinitive | (to) fallen, falle | ||
---|---|---|---|
present tense | past tense | ||
1st-person singular | falle | fell, falde | |
2nd-person singular | fallest | felle, fell, faldest | |
3rd-person singular | falleth | fell, falde | |
subjunctive singular | falle | felle1, falde1 | |
imperative singular | — | ||
plural2 | fallen, falle | fellen, felle, falden, falde | |
imperative plural | falleth, falle | — | |
participles | fallynge, fallende | fallen, falle, fald, yfallen, yfalle |
1Replaced by the indicative in later Middle English.
2Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “fallen, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the verb falle
AdjectiveEdit
fallen (neuter singular fallent, definite singular and plural falne)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “fallen” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From the verb falle
AdjectiveEdit
fallen (neuter singular falle, definite singular and plural falne)
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “fallen” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
SpanishEdit
VerbEdit
fallen
- Second-person plural (ustedes) imperative form of fallar.
- Second-person plural (ustedes) present subjunctive form of fallar.
- Third-person plural (ellos, ellas, also used with ustedes?) present subjunctive form of fallar.
- Second-person plural (ustedes) present indicative form of fallir.
- Third-person plural (ellos, ellas, also used with ustedes?) present indicative form of fallir.
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
past participle of falla.
AdjectiveEdit
fallen
- fallen
- en fallen ängel ― a fallen angel
- fallna äpplen ― fallen apples
DeclensionEdit
Inflection of fallen | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | fallen | — | — |
Neuter singular | fallet | — | — |
Plural | fallna | — | — |
Masculine plural3 | fallne | — | — |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | fallne | — | — |
All | fallna | — | — |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. 3) Dated or archaic |
NounEdit
fallen
- definite plural of fall