Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/satadak

This Proto-Finnic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Finnic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Uralic *śada- (“to rain”).

Verb

*satadak (stem *sata-)

1. to fall, to drop (from height)
2. to precipitate (i.e. fall from the sky), to rain, to snow

Usage notes

When used impersonally, the implied meaning would have been "it is raining". The type of precipitation was specified, if necessary, with the noun in the partitive: *satabi vettä (“it's raining water/actual rain”), *satabi lunta (“it's snowing”), *satabi rakehita (“it's hailing”).

Inflection

Inflection of *satadak

Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
	present	past	imperative	optative
1st sing.	*sadan	*sadoin	—	*satagon
2nd sing.	*sadat	*sadoit	*sadak	*satagos
3rd sing.	*satabi *sata	*satoi	*satagasën	*satagosën
1st plur.	*sadakmëk *sadakmak	*satoimëk *satoimak	*satagatëmëk *satagatamak	*satagotëmëk *satagotamak
2nd plur.	*sadaktëk *sadaktak	*satoidëk *satoidak	*satagatë *satagata	*satagot'ëk *satagotadak
3rd plur.	*satabat *sata	*satoi	*satagasën	*satagosën
passive	*sadaksën *sadat'aksën	*satadisën *sadattisën	*satadakahën *sadattakahën	*satadakohën *sadattakohën
connegative	*sadak	—	*satagak	*satagok
passive connegative	*sadaktak	—	*satadagak *sadattagak	*satadagok *sadattagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*sadakcin	*satoicin	*satanën
2nd sing.	*sadakcit	*satoicit	*satanët
3rd sing.	*sadakci	*satoici	*satani
1st plur.	*sadakcimëk *sadakcimak	*satoicimëk *satoicimak	*satanëmëk *satanëmak
2nd plur.	*sadakcidëk *sadakcidak	*satoicidëk *satoicidak	*satanëdëk *satanëdak
3rd plur.	*sadakci	*satoici	*satani
passive	*satadakcihën *sadat'akcihën	*satadicihën *sadatticihën	*satadanëhën *sadattanëhën
connegative	*sadakcik	*satoicik	*satanëk
passive connegative	*satadakcik *sadat'akcik	*satadicik *sadatticik	*satadanëk *sadattanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
			active	passive
infinitive 1	*satadak	present	*sataba	*satadapa *sadattapa
infinitive 2	*satadë-	past	*satanut	*satadu *sadattu
gerund/supine	*satama
action noun	*sataminen

Derived terms

• *sadëk
• *sato

Descendants

• Estonian: sadama/sadada
• Finnish: sataa
• Ingrian: sattaa
• Karelian: satoa
• Livonian: (Courland) sa’ddõ, (Salaca) sadd
• Veps: sadada
• Võro: sadama/sataq
• Votic: satta

Etymology 2

From Proto-Uralic *čača- (“to grow”).

Verb

*satadak (stem *sata-)

1. to yield crop

Inflection

Inflection of *satadak

Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility.
	present	past	imperative	optative
1st sing.	*sadan	*sadoin	—	*satagon
2nd sing.	*sadat	*sadoit	*sadak	*satagos
3rd sing.	*satabi *sata	*satoi	*satagasën	*satagosën
1st plur.	*sadakmëk *sadakmak	*satoimëk *satoimak	*satagatëmëk *satagatamak	*satagotëmëk *satagotamak
2nd plur.	*sadaktëk *sadaktak	*satoidëk *satoidak	*satagatë *satagata	*satagot'ëk *satagotadak
3rd plur.	*satabat *sata	*satoi	*satagasën	*satagosën
passive	*sadaksën *sadat'aksën	*satadisën *sadattisën	*satadakahën *sadattakahën	*satadakohën *sadattakohën
connegative	*sadak	—	*satagak	*satagok
passive connegative	*sadaktak	—	*satadagak *sadattagak	*satadagok *sadattagok
	conditional 1	conditional 2	potential
1st sing.	*sadakcin	*satoicin	*satanën
2nd sing.	*sadakcit	*satoicit	*satanët
3rd sing.	*sadakci	*satoici	*satani
1st plur.	*sadakcimëk *sadakcimak	*satoicimëk *satoicimak	*satanëmëk *satanëmak
2nd plur.	*sadakcidëk *sadakcidak	*satoicidëk *satoicidak	*satanëdëk *satanëdak
3rd plur.	*sadakci	*satoici	*satani
passive	*satadakcihën *sadat'akcihën	*satadicihën *sadatticihën	*satadanëhën *sadattanëhën
connegative	*sadakcik	*satoicik	*satanëk
passive connegative	*satadakcik *sadat'akcik	*satadicik *sadatticik	*satadanëk *sadattanëk
non-finite forms	infinitives/nouns		participles
			active	passive
infinitive 1	*satadak	present	*sataba	*satadapa *sadattapa
infinitive 2	*satadë-	past	*satanut	*satadu *sadattu
gerund/supine	*satama
action noun	*sataminen

Derived terms

• *sato

Descendants

• Finnish: (dialectal) sataa

Further reading

• Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “sataa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The origin of Finnish words]‎^[1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN