Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/þwangiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

• *þwangaz

Etymology

From earlier *þwanguz, from Proto-Indo-European *twenk- (“to squeeze, press, pressure”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈθwɑŋ.ɡiz/

Noun

*þwangiz m

1. restraint, pressure
2. belt, strap, thong

Inflection

i-stemDeclension of *þwangiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*þwangiz	*þwangīz
vocative	*þwangi	*þwangīz
accusative	*þwangį	*þwanginz
genitive	*þwangīz	*þwangijǫ̂
dative	*þwangī	*þwangimaz
instrumental	*þwangī	*þwangimiz

Related terms

• *þwinhaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *þwangi, *þwang m (strong a-stem)
  • Old English: þwang, þwong, þwæng, þweng
    • Middle English: thong, thwong, thwang
      • English: thong
      • Scots: thwang, thwayng, thang
      • Yola: fong
  • Old Frisian: thwong, thwang
    • Saterland Frisian: Twoang
    • West Frisian: twang
  • Old Saxon: *thwang
    • Middle Low German: dwanc, dwank
      • German Low German: Dwang
  • Old Dutch: *thwang
    • Middle Dutch: dwanc
      • Dutch: dwang
        • Afrikaans: dwang
        • Negerhollands: twang
        • → Indonesian: paksaan (semantic loan)
  • Old High German: dwang (“bit, bridle, rein, restraint”)
    • Middle High German: twanc
      • German: Zwang
• Old Norse: þvengr
  • Icelandic: þvengur
  • Faroese: tvongur
  • Norwegian: tveng (dialectal)