Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-ungō
Proto-Germanic
editAlternative forms
editEtymology
editUnknown, but possibly from an earlier *-ōngō, equivalent to *-ōną + *-gō. No certain cognates outside of Germanic and not found in Gothic, which has instead similar verbal nouns without -g-. Perhaps cognate with Latin suffixes -undus (forms the gerund) or from Proto-Indo-European *-n̥kʷos as in ἀλλοδαπός (allodapós), ποδαπός (podapós), and possibly propinquus.
Pronunciation
editSuffix
edit*-ungō f
Inflection
editō-stemDeclension of *-ungō (ō-stem) | |||
---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | ||
nominative | *-ungō | *-ungôz | |
vocative | *-ungō | *-ungôz | |
accusative | *-ungǭ | *-ungōz | |
genitive | *-ungōz | *-ungǫ̂ | |
dative | *-ungōi | *-ungōmaz | |
instrumental | *-ungō | *-ungōmiz |
Usage notes
edit- *-ungō was originally used with weak class 2 verbs (verbs ending in *-ōną) and *-ingō was used with weak class 1 verbs (verbs ending in *-janą) which eventually extended to all other verbs, possibly absorbing other verbal suffixes in the process (e.g. *-āngō, *-angō, *-engō, etc.). Over time, the distinction between *-ungō and *-ingō in the daughter languages became blurred and the suffixes were eventually merged in modern times.
Derived terms
editRelated terms
editDescendants
editCategories:
- Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies
- Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ōną
- Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-gō
- Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Proto-Germanic lemmas
- Proto-Germanic suffixes
- Proto-Germanic noun-forming suffixes
- Proto-Germanic feminine suffixes
- Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns