-ig
DanishEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived termsEdit
DutchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Dutch -ag, -ig, from Proto-Germanic *-agaz, *-īgaz, *-ugaz, each a variant of a common suffix *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
- -ed, having (when attached to a noun preceded by an adjective that describes the noun)
InflectionEdit
Inflection of -ig | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
uninflected | -ig | |||
inflected | -ige | |||
comparative | -iger | |||
positive | comparative | superlative | ||
predicative/adverbial | -ig | -iger | het -igst het -igste | |
indefinite | m./f. sing. | -ige | -igere | -igste |
n. sing. | -ig | -iger | -igste | |
plural | -ige | -igere | -igste | |
definite | -ige | -igere | -igste | |
partitive | -igs | -igers | — |
Derived termsEdit
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /ɪç/ (Germany; less common in southern regiolects)
- IPA(key): /ɪk/, /ɪɡ̊/, /iɡ̊/ (most common form in southern Germany, Austria, and Switzerland)
- IPA(key): /ɪɕ/, /ɪʃ/ (all central German dialects)
Audio (file)
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
- forms adjectives from verbs
- forms adjectives from adverbs
DeclensionEdit
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist -ig | sie ist -ig | es ist -ig | sie sind -ig | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | -iger | -ige | -iges | -ige |
genitive | -igen | -iger | -igen | -iger | |
dative | -igem | -iger | -igem | -igen | |
accusative | -igen | -ige | -iges | -ige | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der -ige | die -ige | das -ige | die -igen |
genitive | des -igen | der -igen | des -igen | der -igen | |
dative | dem -igen | der -igen | dem -igen | den -igen | |
accusative | den -igen | die -ige | das -ige | die -igen | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein -iger | eine -ige | ein -iges | (keine) -igen |
genitive | eines -igen | einer -igen | eines -igen | (keiner) -igen | |
dative | einem -igen | einer -igen | einem -igen | (keinen) -igen | |
accusative | einen -igen | eine -ige | ein -iges | (keine) -igen |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist -iger | sie ist -iger | es ist -iger | sie sind -iger | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | -igerer | -igere | -igeres | -igere |
genitive | -igeren | -igerer | -igeren | -igerer | |
dative | -igerem | -igerer | -igerem | -igeren | |
accusative | -igeren | -igere | -igeres | -igere | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der -igere | die -igere | das -igere | die -igeren |
genitive | des -igeren | der -igeren | des -igeren | der -igeren | |
dative | dem -igeren | der -igeren | dem -igeren | den -igeren | |
accusative | den -igeren | die -igere | das -igere | die -igeren | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein -igerer | eine -igere | ein -igeres | (keine) -igeren |
genitive | eines -igeren | einer -igeren | eines -igeren | (keiner) -igeren | |
dative | einem -igeren | einer -igeren | einem -igeren | (keinen) -igeren | |
accusative | einen -igeren | eine -igere | ein -igeres | (keine) -igeren |
number & gender | singular | plural | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | |||
predicative | er ist am -igsten | sie ist am -igsten | es ist am -igsten | sie sind am -igsten | |
strong declension (without article) |
nominative | -igster | -igste | -igstes | -igste |
genitive | -igsten | -igster | -igsten | -igster | |
dative | -igstem | -igster | -igstem | -igsten | |
accusative | -igsten | -igste | -igstes | -igste | |
weak declension (with definite article) |
nominative | der -igste | die -igste | das -igste | die -igsten |
genitive | des -igsten | der -igsten | des -igsten | der -igsten | |
dative | dem -igsten | der -igsten | dem -igsten | den -igsten | |
accusative | den -igsten | die -igste | das -igste | die -igsten | |
mixed declension (with indefinite article) |
nominative | ein -igster | eine -igste | ein -igstes | (keine) -igsten |
genitive | eines -igsten | einer -igsten | eines -igsten | (keiner) -igsten | |
dative | einem -igsten | einer -igsten | einem -igsten | (keinen) -igsten | |
accusative | einen -igsten | eine -igste | ein -igstes | (keine) -igsten |
Note: There are also contracted forms like -'ger.
SuffixEdit
-ig
- (Switzerland, colloquial) variation of -ung
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- (case suffix) until, till, up to. Used to form the terminative case. It can refer to both time and place. It is used by both back and front vowel words.
- Ötig dolgozom. ― I work until five o'clock.
- Az állomásig busszal mentünk, de onnan hazáig már gyalog. ― We traveled by bus to the station but from there to home we walked.
- for a specified length of time
- A levél olyan hosszú volt, hogy tíz percig olvastam. ― The letter was so long that I was reading it for 10 minutes.
Usage notesEdit
Case | Back vowel a, á, o, ó, u, ú |
Front vowel | |
---|---|---|---|
unrounded e, é, i, í |
rounded ö, ő, ü, ű | ||
nominative | — | ||
accusative | -t | ||
-ot / -at | -et | -öt | |
dative | -nak | -nek | |
instrumental | -val | -vel | |
causal-final | -ért | ||
translative | -vá | -vé | |
terminative | -ig | ||
essive-formal | -ként | ||
essive-modal | -ul | -ül | |
inessive | -ban | -ben | |
superessive | -n | ||
-on | -en | -ön | |
adessive | -nál | -nél | |
illative | -ba | -be | |
sublative | -ra | -re | |
allative | -hoz | -hez | -höz |
elative | -ból | -ből | |
delative | -ról | -ről | |
ablative | -tól | -től | |
Note for all endings: Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként. alma — almában, but almaként zene ― zenében, but zeneként |
- The above two senses may be ambiguous when hour or o'clock is mentioned, as in this sentence:
- Két óráig maradunk. ― We'll stay for two hours OR We'll stay until 2 o'clock.
- To avoid this ambiguity, the accusative case may be employed when referring to the duration (Két órát maradunk), and the sentence may be rephrased when referring to the end point (Két óra múlva indulunk – We're leaving in two hours.)
- (until): With pointlike events or places the meaning is usually clear. However, it is ambiguous when the given event itself lasts for some time or the given object is such that it matters whether it is included, excluded or partially included.
- Szerdáig van időd. ― You have time until Wednesday.
- With exclusion: on Wednesday 00:01 A.M. you are already late (rare, one would probably say keddig; until Tuesday)
- With partial inclusion: the border line is somewhere during the day (most likely)
- With full inclusion: you have the full Wednesday (also possible)
- Szerdáig van időd. ― You have time until Wednesday.
See alsoEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- Alternative form of -y
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From -ugr, Old Norse -igr (“-y”), from *-ugaz, Proto-Germanic *-īgaz (“-y”), from *-gaz (“-y”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos (“-y”). Certain words also from Low German -ig (“-y”) or German -ig (“-y”), from Middle High German -ec, -ic, from Old High German -ig, from Proto-West Germanic *-g, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz (“-y”), from Proto-Indo-European *-kos (“-y”).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived termsEdit
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “inherited from Old Norse or derived from Middle Low German loanwords?”)
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
Derived termsEdit
OjibweEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- A suffix denoting the third person singular to first- or second-person singular form of a transitive animate verb (vta)
Old EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *-ag.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-iġ
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns and verbs
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-West Germanic *-i, *-ī, from Proto-Germanic *-j-, *-ij- (diminutive suffix).
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig or -iġ
- Suffix creating diminutive nouns from other nouns.
DescendantsEdit
Old SaxonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from i-stem nouns and verbs
Related termsEdit
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse -agr, -igr, from Proto-Germanic *-gaz, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- -y; forms adjectives from nouns
- -ed (when attached to a compound of an adjective and a noun it describes)
- Han är rödhårig
- He is red-haired
Usage notesEdit
- Often pronounced without the final 'g' (/ɪ/).
- In (sense 2), "Han är rödhårad" reads like "He is red-hair'ed," as if someone has done "red hair" to him. The same reading is possible in English, but natural in Swedish.
Derived termsEdit
WelshEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *-ikos. Cognate with Cornish -ik, Breton -ig, Proto-Germanic *-igaz, Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós), Latin -icus.[1]
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ig
- diminutive suffix, -let
- person or object with characteristics of the root word
- forms adjectives from nouns, -y
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
-edig (“forms adjectives from verbs”)
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 153 i 9
Further readingEdit
- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “-ig”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies