Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bōguz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús (“arm”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈbɔː.ɣuz/

Noun

*bōguz m

1. upper arm
2. shoulder

   Synonyms: *amsaz, *ahslō

Inflection

Declension of *bōguz (u-stem)

	singular	plural
nominative	*bōguz	*bōgiwiz
vocative	*bōgu	*bōgiwiz
accusative	*bōgų	*bōgunz
genitive	*bōgauz	*bōgiwǫ̂
dative	*bōgiwi	*bōgumaz
instrumental	*bōgū	*bōgumiz

Alternative reconstructions

• *bōgaz

Derived terms

• *bōgislą

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *bōgu
  • Old English: bōg, bōh
    • Middle English: boȝ, bogh
      • English: bough
      • Scots: beuch
  • Old Frisian: bōch
    • Saterland Frisian: Bouch
    • West Frisian: boech
  • Old Saxon: bōg
    • Middle Low German: bôg, bôch, bûch
      • German Low German: Boog
      • → English: bow
  • Old Dutch: *buog
    • Middle Dutch: boech
      • Dutch: boeg
        • Afrikaans: boeg
  • Old High German: buog
    • Middle High German: buoc
      • German: Bug
      • Luxembourgish: Buch
• Old Norse: bógr
  • Icelandic: bógur
  • Faroese: bógvur
  • Norwegian: bog (Bokmål), bog (Nynorsk)
  • Old Swedish: bōgher
    • Swedish: bog
  • Danish: bov