Wiktionary

bog

See also: Appendix:Variations of "bog"

EnglishEdit

 
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Middle English bog, from Irish and Scottish Gaelic bogach (“soft, boggy ground”), from Old Irish bog (“soft”),[1] from Proto-Celtic *buggos (“soft, tender”) + Old Irish -ach, from Proto-Celtic *-ākos.

The frequent use to form compounds regarding the animals and plants in such areas mimics Irish compositions such as bog-luachair (“bulrush, bogrush”).[1]

Its use for toilets is now often derived from the resemblance of latrines and outhouse cesspools to bogholes,[2][3] but the noun sense appears to be a clipped form of boghouse (“outhouse, privy”),[4] which derived (possibly via boggard) from the verb to bog,[5] still used in Australian English.[3] The derivation and its connection to other senses of "bog" remains uncertain, however, owing to an extreme lack of early citations due to its perceived vulgarity.[6][7]

NounEdit

bog (plural bogs)

  2. (originally Ireland and Scotland) An area of decayed vegetation (particularly sphagnum moss) which forms a wet spongy ground too soft for walking; a marsh or swamp.
  3. (figuratively) Confusion, difficulty, or any other thing or place that impedes progress in the manner of such areas.
    • 1614, John King, Vitis Palatina, p. 30:
      ...quagmires and bogges of Romish superstition...
    • a. 1796, Robert Burns, Poems & Songs, Vol. I:
      Last day my mind was in a bog.
    • 1841, Charles Dickens, Barnaby Rudge, Ch. lxxii, p. 358:
      He wandered out again, in a perfect bog of uncertainty.
  4. (uncountable) The acidic soil of such areas, principally composed of peat; marshland, swampland.
    • a. 1687, William Petty, Political Arithmetick:
      Bog may by draining be made Meadow.
  6. (UK, Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, slang) A place to defecate: originally specifically a latrine or outhouse but now used for any toilet.
    I'm on the bog ― I'm sitting on/using the toilet
    I'm in the bog ― I'm in the bathroom
    • 1665, Richard Head & al., The English Rogue Described in the Life of Meriton Latroon, Vol. I:
      Fearing I should catch cold, they out of pity covered me warm in a Bogg-house.
    • a. 1789, in 1789, Verses to John Howard F.R.S. on His State of Prisons and Lazarettos, p. 181:
      ...That no dirt... be thrown out of any window, or down the bogs...
    • 1864, J.C. Hotten, The Slang Dictionary, p. 79:
      Bog, or bog-house, a privy as distinguished from a water-closet.
    • 1959, William Golding, Free Fall, Ch. i, p. 23:
      Our lodger had our upstairs, use of the stove, our tap, and our bog.
  7. (Australia and New Zealand, slang) An act or instance of defecation.
  8. (US, dialect) A little elevated spot or clump of earth, roots, and grass, in a marsh or swamp.
Alternative formsEdit
SynonymsEdit
HyponymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
coarse slang for toilet — see shitter
See alsoEdit

VerbEdit

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, now often with "down") To sink or submerge someone or something into bogland.
    • 1928, American Dialect Society, American Speech, Vol. IV, p. 132:
      To be 'bogged down' or 'mired down' is to be mired, generally in the 'wet valleys' in the spring.
  2. (figuratively) To prevent or slow someone or something from making progress.
  3. (intransitive, now often with "down") To sink and stick in bogland.
    • a. 1800, The Trials of James, Duncan, and Robert M'Gregor, Three Sons of the Celebrated Rob Roy, p. 120:
      Duncan Graham in Gartmore his horse bogged; that the deponent helped some others to take the horse out of the bogg.
  4. (figuratively) To be prevented or impeded from making progress, to become stuck.
  5. (intransitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To defecate, to void one's bowels.
  6. (transitive, originally vulgar UK, now chiefly Australia) To cover or spray with excrement.
  7. (transitive, Britain, informal) To make a mess of something.
Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

See bug[8]

NounEdit

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Alternative form of bug: a bugbear, monster, or terror.
Alternative formsEdit
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

Uncertain,[9] although possibly related to bug in its original senses of "big" and "puffed up".

Alternative formsEdit

  • (all senses): bug (Derbyshire & Lincolnshire)

AdjectiveEdit

bog (comparative bogger, superlative boggest)

  1. (obsolete) Bold; boastful; proud.
    • 1592, William Warner, Albions England, Vol. VII, Ch. xxxvii, p. 167:
      The Cuckooe, seeing him so bog, waxt also wondrous wroth.
    • 1691, John Ray, South and East Country Words, p. 90:
      Bogge, bold, forward, sawcy. So we say, a very bog Fellow.
Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

bog (plural bogs)

  1. (obsolete) Puffery, boastfulness.
    • 1839, Charles Clark, "John Noakes and Mary Styles", l. 3:
      Their bog it nuver ceases.

VerbEdit

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (transitive, obsolete) To provoke, to bug.
    • 1546 in 1852, State Papers King Henry the Eighth, Vol. XI, p. 163:
      If you had not written to me... we had broke now, the Frenchmen bogged us so often with departing.
    • 1556, Nicholas Grimald's translation of Cicero as Marcus Tullius Ciceroes Thre Bokes of Duties to Marcus His Sonne, Vol. III, p. 154:
      A Frencheman: whom he [Manlius Torquatus] slew, being bogged [Latin: provocatus] by hym.

Etymology 4Edit

From bug off, a clipping of bugger off, likely under the influence of bog (coarse British slang for "toilet[s]").

VerbEdit

bog (third-person singular simple present bogs, present participle bogging, simple past and past participle bogged)

  1. (euphemistic, slang, Britain, usually with "off") To go away.
Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Oxford English Dictionary, 1st ed. "bog, n.¹" & "bog, v.¹" Oxford University Press (Oxford), 1887.
  2. ^ Oxford Dictionaries. "British English: bog". Oxford University Press (Oxford), 2016.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 The Collins English Dictionary. "bog". HarperCollins (London), 2016.
  4. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, n.⁴"
  5. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "'bog-house, n." & "† 'boggard, n.²".
  6. ^ Merriam-Webster Online. "bog". Merriam-Webster (Springfield, Mass.), 2016.
  7. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "bog, v.³"
  8. ^ Oxford English Dictionary. "† bog | bogge, n.²"
  9. ^ Oxford English Dictionary, "† bog, adj. and n.³" & † bog, v.²".

AnagramsEdit

DanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /bɔːˀɣ/, [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːˀw], [ˈb̥ɔ̝ːwˀ], [ˈb̥ɔ̽wˀ]

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse bók (“beech, book”), from Proto-Germanic *bōks, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵos (“beech”).

NounEdit

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bøger)

  1. book
InflectionEdit
Declension of bog
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bog bogen bøger bøgerne
genitive bogs bogens bøgers bøgernes
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

Maybe from Middle Low German bōk.

NounEdit

bog c (singular definite bogen, plural indefinite bog)

  1. beechnut, beech mast
InflectionEdit
Declension of bog
common
gender 		Singular Plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative bog bogen bog bogene
genitive bogs bogens bogs bogenes
Related termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

Further readingEdit

FrenchEdit

NounEdit

bog m (plural bogs)

  1. (ecology) an ombrotrophic peatland
    Antonym: fen

Further readingEdit

GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

bog

  1. preterite tense of biegen

HungarianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *poŋka (“knot, knob, protuberance, unevenness”). Cognates include Estonian pung.[1][2]

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bog (plural bogok)

  1. knot
    Synonym: csomó

DeclensionEdit

Inflection (stem in -o-, back harmony)
singular plural
nominative bog bogok
accusative bogot bogokat
dative bognak bogoknak
instrumental boggal bogokkal
causal-final bogért bogokért
translative boggá bogokká
terminative bogig bogokig
essive-formal bogként bogokként
essive-modal — —
inessive bogban bogokban
superessive bogon bogokon
adessive bognál bogoknál
illative bogba bogokba
sublative bogra bogokra
allative boghoz bogokhoz
elative bogból bogokból
delative bogról bogokról
ablative bogtól bogoktól
non-attributive
possessive - singular 		bogé bogoké
non-attributive
possessive - plural 		bogéi bogokéi
Possessive forms of bog
possessor single possession multiple possessions
1st person sing. bogom bogaim
2nd person sing. bogod bogaid
3rd person sing. boga bogai
1st person plural bogunk bogaink
2nd person plural bogotok bogaitok
3rd person plural boguk bogaik

Derived termsEdit

Compound words

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Entry #816 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungary.
  2. ^ bog in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN.  (See also its 2nd edition.)

Further readingEdit

  • bog in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (‘The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN
  • bog in Ittzés, Nóra (ed.). A magyar nyelv nagyszótára (’A Comprehensive Dictionary of the Hungarian Language’). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 2006–2031 (work in progress; published A–ez as of 2023)

IrishEdit

FWOTD – 15 June 2020

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”), from Proto-Celtic *buggos.

The verb is from Old Irish bocaid (“softens, makes soft; moves; shakes”), from the adjective.

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bog (genitive singular masculine boig, genitive singular feminine boige, plural boga, comparative boige)

  1. soft (giving way under pressure)
    Synonym: tláith
  2. (of physical condition) flabby
  3. soft (lacking strength or resolve)
  4. soft (requiring little or no effort; easy)
  5. (of sound, voice) soft, mellow, gentle
    • 2015, Proinsias Mac a' Bhaird, transl.; Maura McHugh, editor, Amhrán na Mara (fiction, paperback), Kilkenny, County Kilkenny; Howth, Dublin: Cartoon Saloon; Coiscéim, translation of Song of the Sea by Will Collins, →ISBN, page 2:
      Briseann tonnta boga in aghaidh na gcarraigeacha thíos faoi.
      Waves gently lap against the rocks below.
  6. (of weather) wet
  7. (of winter) mild, humid
  8. loose
  9. lukewarm
    Synonyms: alabhog, alathe, bogthe

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bog
Singular Plural (m/f)
Positive Masculine Feminine (strong noun) (weak noun)
Nominative bog bhog boga;
bhoga²
Vocative bhoig boga
Genitive boige boga bog
Dative bog;
bhog¹ 		bhog;
bhoig (archaic) 		boga;
bhoga²
Comparative níos boige
Superlative is boige

¹ When the preceding noun is lenited and governed by the definite article.
² When the preceding noun ends in a slender consonant.

Derived termsEdit

NounEdit

bog m (genitive singular boig)

  1. something soft
  2. (anatomy, of ear) lobe
    Synonyms: liopa, maothán

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bog

First declension

Bare forms (no plural of this noun)

Case Singular
Nominative bog
Vocative a bhoig
Genitive boig
Dative bog

Forms with the definite article:

Case Singular
Nominative an bog
Genitive an bhoig
Dative leis an mbog

don bhog

VerbEdit

bog (present analytic bogann, future analytic bogfaidh, verbal noun bogadh, past participle bogtha) (transitive, intransitive)

  1. soften, become soft; (of pain) ease; (of milk) warm; (of weather) get milder; soften, move (someone's heart)
  2. move, loosen; (of a cradle) rock

ConjugationEdit

First Conjugation (A)
singular plural relative autonomous
first second third first second third
indicative present bogaim bogann tú;
bogair†		 bogann sé, sí bogaimid bogann sibh bogann siad;
bogaid†		 a bhogann; a bhogas /
a mbogann*; a mbogas* 		bogtar
past bhog mé; bhogas bhog tú; bhogais bhog sé, sí bhogamar; bhog muid bhog sibh; bhogabhair bhog siad; bhogadar a bhog /
ar bhog* 		bogadh
past habitual bhogainn / mbogainn‡‡ bhogtá / mbogtᇇ bhogadh sé, sí / mbogadh sé, s퇇 bhogaimis; bhogadh muid / mbogaimis‡‡; mbogadh muid‡‡ bhogadh sibh / mbogadh sibh‡‡ bhogaidís; bhogadh siad / mbogaidís‡‡; mbogadh siad‡‡ a bhogadh /
a mbogadh* 		bhogtaí / mbogta퇇
future bogfaidh mé;
bogfad 		bogfaidh tú;
bogfair†		 bogfaidh sé, sí bogfaimid;
bogfaidh muid 		bogfaidh sibh bogfaidh siad;
bogfaid†		 a bhogfaidh; a bhogfas /
a mbogfaidh*; a mbogfas* 		bogfar
conditional bhogfainn / mbogfainn‡‡ bhogfá / mbogfᇇ bhogfadh sé, sí / mbogfadh sé, s퇇 bhogfaimis; bhogfadh muid / mbogfaimis‡‡; mbogfadh muid‡‡ bhogfadh sibh / mbogfadh sibh‡‡ bhogfaidís; bhogfadh siad / mbogfaidís‡‡; mbogfadh siad‡‡ a bhogfadh /
a mbogfadh* 		bhogfaí / mbogfa퇇
subjunctive present go mboga mé;
go mbogad†		 go mboga tú;
go mbogair†		 go mboga sé, sí go mbogaimid;
go mboga muid 		go mboga sibh go mboga siad;
go mbogaid†		 — go mbogtar
past dá mbogainn dá mbogtá dá mbogadh sé, sí dá mbogaimis;
dá mbogadh muid 		dá mbogadh sibh dá mbogaidís;
dá mbogadh siad 		— dá mbogtaí
imperative bogaim bog bogadh sé, sí bogaimis bogaigí;
bogaidh†		 bogaidís — bogtar
verbal noun bogadh
past participle bogtha

* Indirect relative
† Archaic or dialect form
‡‡ Dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

Derived termsEdit

MutationEdit

Irish mutation
Radical Lenition Eclipsis
bog bhog mbog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further readingEdit

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bog m (feminine equivalent bogowka)

  1. god

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bog
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative bog boga bogi
Genitive boga bogowu bogow
Dative bogoju bogoma bogam
Accusative boga bogowu bogi, bogow
Instrumental bogom bogoma bogami
Locative bogu bogoma bogach

Derived termsEdit

Further readingEdit

  • Muka, Arnošt (1921, 1928), “bog”, in Słownik dolnoserbskeje rěcy a jeje narěcow (in German), St. Petersburg, Prague: ОРЯС РАН, ČAVU; Reprinted Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag, 2008
  • Starosta, Manfred (1999), “bog”, in Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch (in German), Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse bógr, from Germanic.

NounEdit

bog m (definite singular bogen, indefinite plural boger, definite plural bogene)

  1. shoulder (of an animal)

ReferencesEdit

Norwegian NynorskEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂ǵʰús.

NounEdit

bog m (plural bogen)

  1. shoulder, primarily of an animal

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Norse bók, from Proto-Germanic *bōks.

NounEdit

bog f (definite singular bogjå)

  1. (dialectal) alternative form of bok
    • 1996, Skretting, Tobias, Attemed ånå, page 90:
      Takk for bogjå
      Thanks for the book
    • 1957, Ersdal, Reinert, quoting Andreas Mjaasund, Bakke kyrkje: Krosskyrkja 200 år, [Flekkefjord]:
      Eg kan nok bli frelst etter bogjå, men ikkje ette det vonde hjerta mitt.
      I might be saved by the book, but not by my evil heart.

ReferencesEdit

Old EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *bōguz. Cognate with Old Saxon bōg, Old High German buog, Old Norse bógr.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bōg m

  1. a branch or bough of a tree
  2. the arm or shoulder

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bog (strong a-stem)
Case Singular Plural
nominative bōg bōgas
accusative bōg bōgas
genitive bōges bōga
dative bōge bōgum

Related termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Middle English: boȝ, bogh

Scottish GaelicEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Irish boc (“soft, gentle, tender; tepid”).

PronunciationEdit

AdjectiveEdit

bog (comparative buige)

  1. soft
  2. wet, damp, moist

DeclensionEdit

Case Masculine singular Feminine singular Plural
Nominative bog bhog boga
Vocative bhuig bhog boga
Genitive bhuig bhuig/buige boga
Dative bhog bhuig boga

Derived termsEdit

MutationEdit

Scottish Gaelic mutation
Radical Lenition
bog bhog
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

ReferencesEdit

  • Edward Dwelly (1911), “bog”, in Faclair Gàidhlig gu Beurla le Dealbhan [The Illustrated Gaelic–English Dictionary], 10th edition, Edinburgh: Birlinn Limited, →ISBN
  • G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 boc”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language

Serbo-CroatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bȏg m (Cyrillic spelling бо̑г)

  1. god, deity
  2. (colloquial) idol, god

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bog
singular plural
nominative bȏg bògovi / bȍzi (poetic, regional)
genitive bȍga bògōvā / bȏgā (poetic, regional)
dative bȍgu bògovima / bȍzima (poetic, regional)
accusative bȍga bògove / bȍge (poetic, regional)
vocative bȍže bògovi / bȍzi (poetic, regional)
locative bȍgu bògovima / bȍzima (poetic, regional)
instrumental bȍgom bògovima / bȍzima (poetic, regional)

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

SlavomolisanoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Serbo-Croatian bog.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bog m

  1. god

DeclensionEdit

    declension of bog (anim series-1b masc cons-stem)
singular plural
nominative bog
 boga
genitive boga
 bog, bogi
dative bogu
 bogami, bogi
accusative bog, boga
 boga
locative bogu
 boga
instrumental bogom, bogam
 bogami, bogi

ReferencesEdit

  • Walter Breu and Giovanni Piccoli (2000), Dizionario croato molisano di Acquaviva Collecroce: Dizionario plurilingue della lingua slava della minoranza di provenienza dalmata di Acquaviva Collecroce in Provincia di Campobasso (Parte grammaticale)., pp. 394

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *bogъ.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bọ̑g m anim (female equivalent bogínja)

  1. god

InflectionEdit

Masculine anim., hard o-stem, mobile accent, plural in -ôv-
nom. sing. bóg
gen. sing. bogá
singular dual plural
nominative
(imenovȃlnik) 		bóg bogôva bogôvi
genitive
(rodȋlnik) 		bogá bogôv bogôv
dative
(dajȃlnik) 		bógu bogôvoma bogôvom
accusative
(tožȋlnik) 		bogá bogôva bogôve
locative
(mẹ̑stnik) 		bógu bogôvih bogôvih
instrumental
(orọ̑dnik) 		bógom bogôvoma bogôvi

Further readingEdit

  • “bog”, in Slovarji Inštituta za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU, portal Fran

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish bōgher, from Old Norse bógr, from Proto-Germanic *bōguz, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰāǵʰus.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

bog c

  1. shoulder (of an animal)
  2. bow (front of boat or ship)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of bog 
Singular Plural
Indefinite Definite Indefinite Definite
Nominative bog bogen bogar bogarna
Genitive bogs bogens bogars bogarnas

Derived termsEdit

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