Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/dūkaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

No clear etymology. Possibly related to *duganą (“to be fit”), if the Pre-Germanic form was *dʰugʰnéh₂-, supposing that the original meaning was "to fall" and evolved to mean "to happen, be fit" (compare German Zufall (“to happen, chance”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈduː.kɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*dūkaną

1. to duck, to dive under

Inflection

Conjugation of *dūkaną (strong class 2)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dūkō	*dūkaų	—	*dūkai	?
2nd singular	*dūkizi	*dūkaiz	*dūk	*dūkazai	*dūkaizau
3rd singular	*dūkidi	*dūkai	*dūkadau	*dūkadai	*dūkaidau
1st dual	*dūkōz	*dūkaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*dūkadiz	*dūkaidiz	*dūkadiz	—	—
1st plural	*dūkamaz	*dūkaim	—	*dūkandai	*dūkaindau
2nd plural	*dūkid	*dūkaid	*dūkid	*dūkandai	*dūkaindau
3rd plural	*dūkandi	*dūkain	*dūkandau	*dūkandai	*dūkaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*dauk	*dukį̄
2nd singular	*dauht	*dukīz
3rd singular	*dauk	*dukī
1st dual	*dukū	*dukīw
2nd dual	*dukudiz	*dukīdiz
1st plural	*dukum	*dukīm
2nd plural	*dukud	*dukīd
3rd plural	*dukun	*dukīn
	present	past
participles	*dūkandz	*dukanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *dūkan
  • Old English: *dūcan
    • Middle English: duken, douken
      • English: duck
      • Scots: douk, dook
  • Old Frisian: dūka
    • West Frisian: dûke
  • Old Saxon: *dūkan
    • Middle Low German: dûken
      • Low German: duken
      • → Swedish: dyka, duka
  • Old Dutch: *dūcan
    • Middle Dutch: duken
      • Dutch: duiken
      • Limburgish: duke
  • Old High German: *tūhhan, *tūchan
    • Middle High German: tūchen, douchen
      • German: tauchen
      • Luxembourgish: dauchen