Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gaginjaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative reconstructions

• *gagnijaną

Etymology

From *gagin (“towards, against”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɣɑ.ɣin.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*gaginjaną

1. to go against
2. to meet, to encounter

Inflection

Conjugation of *gaginjaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gaginjō	*gaginjaų	—	*gaginjai	?
2nd singular	*gaginisi	*gaginjais	*gagini	*gaginjasai	*gaginjaisau
3rd singular	*gaginiþi	*gaginjai	*gaginjaþau	*gaginjaþai	*gaginjaiþau
1st dual	*gaginjōs	*gaginjaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*gaginjaþiz	*gaginjaiþiz	*gaginjaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*gaginjamaz	*gaginjaim	—	*gaginjanþai	*gaginjainþau
2nd plural	*gaginiþ	*gaginjaiþ	*gaginiþ	*gaginjanþai	*gaginjainþau
3rd plural	*gaginjanþi	*gaginjain	*gaginjanþau	*gaginjanþai	*gaginjainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*gaginidǭ	*gaginidēdį̄
2nd singular	*gaginidēz	*gaginidēdīz
3rd singular	*gaginidē	*gaginidēdī
1st dual	*gaginidēdū	*gaginidēdīw
2nd dual	*gaginidēdudiz	*gaginidēdīdiz
1st plural	*gaginidēdum	*gaginidēdīm
2nd plural	*gaginidēdud	*gaginidēdīd
3rd plural	*gaginidēdun	*gaginidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*gaginjandz	*gaginidaz

Related terms

• *gaganōną/*gaginōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *gaginijan
  • Old English: ġieġnan, ġīnan, ġȳnan
  • Old Saxon: geginian
    • Middle Low German: gēgenen
      • ⇒ Middle Low German: begēgenen, bejēgenen
      • German Low German: begegen
  • Old Dutch: *jegenen, *gegenen
    • Middle Dutch: jēgenen
      • ⇒ Middle Dutch: bejēgenen
        • Dutch: bejegenen
  • Old High German: geginen
    • Middle High German: gegenen
    • ⇒ Old High German: bigaganen
      • Middle High German: begegenen
        • German: begegnen
• Old Norse: gegna
  • Icelandic: gegna
  • → Middle English: geȝȝnen, geinen, geynen, gaynen, gainen
    • English: gain
    • Scots: gain (“to be fitting or suitable”)