Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/haisaz
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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence. |
Proto-Germanic edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Unknown[1]; the expected Pre-Germanic form would be *koysos~*ḱoysos; with forms in -r- being from the addition of *-raz (Kroonen, Orel) or conflation with *hairaz (Orel). Kroonen speculatively connects it with Albanian kirrem.[2] Perhaps related to *hwistlōną (“to hiss”).[3]
Adjective edit
*haisaz
Declension edit
Declension of *haisaz (a-stem)
| strong declension | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *haisaz | *haisai | *haisō | *haisôz | *haisą, *-at(ō) | *haisō |
| accusative | *haisanǭ | *haisanz | *haisǭ | *haisōz | *haisą, *-at(ō) | *haisō |
| genitive | *haisas, *haisis | *haisaizǫ̂ | *haisaizōz | *haisaizǫ̂ | *haisas, *haisis | *haisaizǫ̂ |
| dative | *haisammai | *haisaimaz | *haisaizōi | *haisaimaz | *haisammai | *haisaimaz |
| instrumental | *haisanō | *haisaimiz | *haisaizō | *haisaimiz | *haisanō | *haisaimiz |
| weak declension | ||||||
| masculine | feminine | neuter | ||||
| singular | plural | singular | plural | singular | plural | |
| nominative | *haisô | *haisaniz | *haisǭ | *haisōniz | *haisô | *haisōnō |
| accusative | *haisanų | *haisanunz | *haisōnų | *haisōnunz | *haisô | *haisōnō |
| genitive | *haisiniz | *haisanǫ̂ | *haisōniz | *haisōnǫ̂ | *haisiniz | *haisanǫ̂ |
| dative | *haisini | *haisammaz | *haisōni | *haisōmaz | *haisini | *haisammaz |
| instrumental | *haisinē | *haisammiz | *haisōnē | *haisōmiz | *haisinē | *haisammiz |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
- Old English: hās, *hārs
- Old Frisian: *hās
- West Frisian: heas
- Old Dutch: hēs, heis, *hērs
- Old Saxon: hēs, *heis
- Old High German: heis, heisar
- Old Norse: háss, heiss
References edit
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003) A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 353
- ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*hairsa-~*haisra-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 202
- ^ Friedrich Kluge (1883) “heiser”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891