Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hluppōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From zero-grade iterative of *hlaupaną (“to leap, jump”).

Pronunciation edit

IPA^(key): /ˈxlup.pɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb edit

*hluppōną

to leap, run

Inflection edit

The original paradigm consisted of two stem variants, *hlupp- against *hlub-.

Conjugation of *hluppōną (weak class 2)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hluppō	*hluppǭ	—	*hluppōi	?
2nd singular	*hluppōsi	*hluppōs	*hluppō	*hluppōsai	*hluppōsau
3rd singular	*hluppōþi	*hluppō	*hluppōþau	*hluppōþai	*hluppōþau
1st dual	*hluppōs	*hluppōw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hluppōþiz	*hluppōþiz	*hluppōþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hluppōmaz	*hluppōm	—	*hluppōnþai	*hluppōnþau
2nd plural	*hluppōþ	*hluppōþ	*hluppōþ	*hluppōnþai	*hluppōnþau
3rd plural	*hluppōnþi	*hluppōn	*hluppōnþau	*hluppōnþai	*hluppōnþau

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hluppōdǭ	*hluppōdēdį̄
2nd singular	*hluppōdēz	*hluppōdēdīz
3rd singular	*hluppōdē	*hluppōdēdī
1st dual	*hluppōdēdū	*hluppōdēdīw
2nd dual	*hluppōdēdudiz	*hluppōdēdīdiz
1st plural	*hluppōdēdum	*hluppōdēdīm
2nd plural	*hluppōdēdud	*hluppōdēdīd
3rd plural	*hluppōdēdun	*hluppōdēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hluppōndz	*hluppōdaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *hloppōn
- >? Old English: *hlopian
  - >? Middle English: lopen (usually adduced from loup, but can continue *hlupōną as well)
    - >? English: lope
- Old Saxon: *loppon
  - Middle Low German: loppen
- Old Dutch: *loppon
  - Middle Dutch: loppen
- Old High German: loffōn

References edit

Kroonen, Guus (2013) Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN