Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaisijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *hnaisō (“disgrace, shame”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈhnɑi.si.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*hnaisijaną

1. to shame, to disgrace

Inflection

Conjugation of *hnaisijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnaisijō	*hnaisijaų	—	*hnaisijai	?
2nd singular	*hnaisīsi	*hnaisijais	*hnaisī	*hnaisijasai	*hnaisijaisau
3rd singular	*hnaisīþi	*hnaisijai	*hnaisijaþau	*hnaisijaþai	*hnaisijaiþau
1st dual	*hnaisijōs	*hnaisijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnaisijaþiz	*hnaisijaiþiz	*hnaisijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnaisijamaz	*hnaisijaim	—	*hnaisijanþai	*hnaisijainþau
2nd plural	*hnaisīþ	*hnaisijaiþ	*hnaisīþ	*hnaisijanþai	*hnaisijainþau
3rd plural	*hnaisijanþi	*hnaisijain	*hnaisijanþau	*hnaisijanþai	*hnaisijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnaisidǭ	*hnaisidēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnaisidēz	*hnaisidēdīz
3rd singular	*hnaisidē	*hnaisidēdī
1st dual	*hnaisidēdū	*hnaisidēdīw
2nd dual	*hnaisidēdudiz	*hnaisidēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnaisidēdum	*hnaisidēdīm
2nd plural	*hnaisidēdud	*hnaisidēdīd
3rd plural	*hnaisidēdun	*hnaisidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*hnaisijandz	*hnaisidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *hnaisijan
  • Old High German: *neisen
    • Middle High German: neisen
• Old Norse: hneisa
  • Icelandic: hneisa