Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnukāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic edit

Etymology edit

From Proto-Indo-European *knewg- (“to press; push; bend”), from *ken- (“to press; pinch”).

Verb edit

*hnukāną

to be bent, flex, curve, draw up, shrink, wrinkle, become pinched

Inflection edit

Conjugation of *hnukāną (weak class 3)

present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
	active voice			passive voice
1st singular	*hnukō	?	—	?	?
2nd singular	*hnukaisi	?	*hnukai	*hnukāsai	?
3rd singular	*hnukaiþi	?	*hnukāþau	*hnukāþai	?
1st dual	*hnukōs	?	—	—	—
2nd dual	*hnukāþiz	?	*hnukāþiz	—	—
1st plural	*hnukāmaz	?	—	*hnukānþai	?
2nd plural	*hnukaiþ	?	*hnukaiþ	*hnukānþai	?
3rd plural	*hnukānþi	?	*hnukānþau	*hnukānþai	?

past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*hnukadǭ	*hnukadēdį̄
2nd singular	*hnukadēz	*hnukadēdīz
3rd singular	*hnukadē	*hnukadēdī
1st dual	*hnukadēdū	*hnukadēdīw
2nd dual	*hnukadēdudiz	*hnukadēdīdiz
1st plural	*hnukadēdum	*hnukadēdīm
2nd plural	*hnukadēdud	*hnukadēdīd
3rd plural	*hnukadēdun	*hnukadēdīn

	present	past
participles	*hnukāndz	*hnukadaz

Descendants edit

Proto-West Germanic: *hnukēn
- Old English: ġehnycned; ġenycled (for *ġehnycled)
- Old Frisian: *nukja, *nukkia
  - Saterland Frisian: Nukke
  - West Frisian: neuke
- Old Saxon: *hnukian; *hnukōn
  - Middle Low German: *nuken, *noken
    - German Low German: nucken, nöken
- Old Dutch: *nuken; *nukon
  - Middle Dutch: *noken, *neuken
    - Dutch: neuken, n**ken, n*uken, n...ken, ne*ken
      - Afrikaans: neuk
      - → English: nookie (possibly)
Old Norse: hnykkja
- Icelandic: hnykkja
- Faroese: nykkja
- Old Swedish: nykkia
  - Swedish: nycka (dialectal)
- Danish: nykke