Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hrabnaz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*hrabô

Etymology

Possibly from a root Proto-Indo-European *ḱer-, whence also Latin corvus, Proto-Balto-Slavic *śárˀkāˀ.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈxrɑβ.nɑz/

Noun

*hrabnaz m

raven

Inflection

masculine a-stemDeclension of *hrabnaz (masculine a-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*hrabnaz	hrabnōz, hrabnōs
vocative	*hrabn	hrabnōz, hrabnōs
accusative	*hrabną	*hrabnanz
genitive	hrabnas, hrabnis	*hrabnǫ̂
dative	*hrabnai	*hrabnamaz
instrumental	*hrabnō	*hrabnamiz

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *hrabn, *hrabō
- Old English: hræfn, hrefn, hræmn, hrem, hremn, hræfen
  - Middle English: raven, reven, revin
    - English: raven
    - Scots: ravin, revin, rawin
- Old Frisian: ravan
  - Saterland Frisian: Roave (possibly from Middle Low German)
  - West Frisian: raven
- Old Saxon: hravan, hraƀan, ravan
  - Middle Low German: rāven, rāve, rāvene, rāmme
    - German Low German: Raav, Roov
      Westphalian:
      Ravensbergisch: Räwe
      Lippisch: Rabe
      Westmünsterländisch: Raawe, Raabe
    - Plautdietsch: Rowen
- Old Dutch: ravan
  - Middle Dutch: rāven
    - Dutch: raaf
- Old High German: raban, hraban, hram, ram, rabo, rappo
  - Middle High German: raben, ram; rabe, rab, rappe, rapp; rauen (plural; Niederrheinisch)
    - Alemannic German: Rapp
    - Central Franconian:
      Hunsrik: Raab, Raaf
      Luxembourgish: Ramm
    - German: Rabe
    - Rhine Franconian: Rab, Ramm, Rapp
      Frankfurterisch: [ʀɑːp]
    - Yiddish: ראָב (rob)
Proto-Norse: ᚺᚨᚱᚨᛒᚨᚾᚨᛉ (harabanaʀ)
- Old Norse: hrafn, hramn
  - Icelandic: hrafn
  - Faroese: ravnur
  - Norwegian Nynorsk: ramn, (dialectal) rabn, rabm, ravn
  - Old Swedish: ramn, rampn, rafn
    - Swedish: ramn, ramm (dialectal)
  - Old Danish: rafn
    - Danish: ravn
      - Norwegian Bokmål: ravn