Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ili

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Likely an old t-stem, from earlier *ilit, from Pre-Germanic *ilid.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈi.li/

Noun

*ili n

1. sole of the foot

Inflection

Like *alu and *mili, the nominative singular form lacks the final consonant of the stem. This preserves an old sound change from late PIE, where word-final *-t becomes *-d. According to Grimm's Law, *t shifted to *þ, and *d shifted to *t. Following this, word-final *-t was lost regularly.

neuter consonant stemDeclension of *ili (neuter consonant stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*ili	*iliþ
vocative	*ili	*iliþ
accusative	*ili	*iliþ
genitive	*iliþiz	*iliþǫ̂
dative	*iliþi	*iliþumaz
instrumental	*iliþē	*iliþumiz

Related terms

• *īlô

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *ili
  • Old English: ill n, ile m
  • Old Frisian: ili, ile, il
    • North Frisian: il, eel
    • Saterland Frisian: Íelt
    • West Frisian: yl, ylt
  • Old Saxon: *ili, *ilthi
    • Middle Low German: īle, ēle, ēlde, ēlt n
      • Low German: Elt, Eelt
  • Old Dutch: *ili, *ilithi, *ilthi
    • Middle Dutch: *ele, *elede, *elde, *elet, *ēlt (alternatively, borrowed from Middle Low German)
      • Dutch: eelt
        • Afrikaans: eelt
• Old Norse: il f (< *iljō)
  • Icelandic: il
  • Faroese: il
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: il
  • Norwegian Bokmål: il
  • Old Swedish: il