il
TranslingualEdit
Alternative formsEdit
NumeralEdit
il
- (informal) A Roman numeral representing forty-nine (49).
See alsoEdit
AkatekEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Mayan *il- Compare with Achi ilonik
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
il
- (transitive) to see, to watch, look at
ReferencesEdit
AzerbaijaniEdit
| Cyrillic | ил | |
|---|---|---|
| Perso-Arabic | ایل | |
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Turkic *yïl (“year”).[1] Cognate with Old Turkic 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (yïl).[2]
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
NounEdit
il (definite accusative ili, plural illər)
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of il | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |||||||
| nominative | il |
illər | ||||||
| definite accusative | ili |
illəri | ||||||
| dative | ilə |
illərə | ||||||
| locative | ildə |
illərdə | ||||||
| ablative | ildən |
illərdən | ||||||
| definite genitive | ilin |
illərin | ||||||
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Starostin, Sergei; Dybo, Anna; Mudrak, Oleg (2003), “*jɨl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8), Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
- ^ Abuseitova, M. Kh; Bukhatuly, B., editors (2008), “𐰖𐰃𐰞”, in TÜRIK BITIG: Ethno Cultural Dictionary, Language Committee of Ministry of Culture and Information of Republic of Kazakhstan
BunakEdit
NounEdit
il
Further readingEdit
- A. Schapper, J. Huber, A. van Engelenhoven, The Historical Relation of the Papuan Languages of Timor and Kisar, Language and Linguistics in Melnesia, Special Issue : On the History, Contact and Classification of Papuan languages (2012) pp. 194-242
DanishEdit
NounEdit
il c
VerbEdit
il
- imperative of ile
Epigraphic MayanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Mayan *il-.
VerbEdit
il
- to see
FaroeseEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
il f (genitive singular iljar, plural iljar)
| f8 | Singular | Plural | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | il | ilin | iljar | iljarnar |
| Accusative | il | ilina | iljar | iljarnar |
| Dative | il | ilini | iljum | iljunum |
| Genitive | iljar | iljarinnar | ilja | iljanna |
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French il, from Old French il, from Vulgar Latin *illī, which is derived from Classical Latin ille.[1]
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /il/ IPA(key): (informal) /i/
- (Quebec, informal) IPA(key): (preconsonantal) /i/, (prevocalic) /j/
audio (file) - Homophones: ils, île, îles, y
- Rhymes: -il
PronounEdit
il m (third-person singular, plural ils, accusative le, dative lui, emphatic lui, possessive determiner son)
- he (third-person singular masculine subject pronoun for human subject)
- Il est parti.
- He left.
- it (third-person singular subject pronoun for grammatically masculine objects)
- Je cherche mon livre. Où est-il ?
- I'm looking for my book. Where is it?
- (impersonal pronoun) Impersonal subject; it
- Il pleut.
- It’s raining.
Related termsEdit
| Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | |
| Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | ||
| Third | Masculine | il | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui | |
| Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle | |||||
| Indeterminate | on1 | — | — | — | — | — | ||
| Reflexive | — | se, s’4 | — | — | soi4 | |||
| Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | |
| Second | — | vous2 | vous2,3 | — | — | vous2 | ||
| Third | Masculine | ils3 | les | leur | y | en | eux3 | |
| Feminine | elles | elles | ||||||
- 1 Also used as the first person plural.
- 2 Also used as the polite singular form.
- 3 Also used when a group has both men and women.
- 4 Also used as third person plural reflexive.
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Dauzat, Albert; Jean Dubois, Henri Mitterand (1964), chapter IL, in Nouveau dictionnaire étymologique (in French), Paris: Librairie Larousse
Further readingEdit
- “il”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
AnagramsEdit
FriulianEdit
| Friulian Definite Articles | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| masculine | il l' |
i |
| feminine | la l' |
lis |
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin illum, ultimately from ille.
ArticleEdit
il m sg (plural i)
See alsoEdit
Haitian CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
NounEdit
il
IcelandicEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse il, from Proto-Germanic *iljō.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
il f (genitive singular iljar, nominative plural iljar)
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
IdoEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
il (plural ili, possessive ilua, possessive plural ilui)
See alsoEdit
|
Singular | Plural | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | Possessive | Nominative | Possessive | ||||
| Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | ||||
| First person | me | mea | mei | ni | nia | nii | |
| Second person | Formal | vu | vua | vui | vi | via | vii |
| Familiar | tu | tua | tui | ||||
| Third person | Masculine | ilu, il | ilua | ilui | ili | ilia | ilii |
| Feminine | elu, el | elua | elui | eli | elia | elii | |
| Neuter | olu, ol | olua | olui | oli | olia | olii | |
| Common | lu | lua | lui | li | lia | lii | |
| Reflexive | su | sua | sui | su | sua | sui | |
| Indefinite | onu, on | onua | onui | onu, on | onua | onui | |
| Notes | |||||||
| The possessive plurals are seldom used. | |||||||
| The shortened forms are preferred. | |||||||
| The pangendered forms are preferred to the gendered or neuter forms in most scenarios. | |||||||
InterlinguaEdit
PronounEdit
il
- personal pronoun used with impersonal verbs
- Il ha multe arbores illac.
- There are many trees there.
Usage notesEdit
Optional.
IrishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Irish il, from Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-.
AdjectiveEdit
il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)
Etymology 2Edit
AdjectiveEdit
il (genitive singular masculine il, genitive singular feminine ile, plural ile, comparative ile)
- Alternative form of oll (“great; huge, vast, immense”)
DeclensionEdit
MutationEdit
| Irish mutation | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Radical | Eclipsis | with h-prothesis | with t-prothesis |
| il | n-il | hil | not applicable |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | |||
Further readingEdit
- Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977), “il”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
- Entries containing “il” in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm, 1959, by Tomás de Bhaldraithe.
- Entries containing “il” in New English-Irish Dictionary by Foras na Gaeilge.
ItalianEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin illum (and illud), ultimately from ille. The final vowel fell by apocope, and the /e/ (< Latin ⟨ē ĭ⟩) in monosyllable particles shifted to /i/ in Tuscan, compare in, di, ri-, mi. The form el is found in older texts and can still be heard regionally.
Patota claims this to be from the older form lo (from the same source), via an intermediate form l. The initial i would be a svarabhakti vowel added to the form l in order to make the pronunciation easier.[1]
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
| Italian Definite Articles | ||
|---|---|---|
| singular | plural | |
| masculine | il lo/l' |
i gli |
| feminine | la/l' | le |
il m sg (plural i)
ReferencesEdit
AnagramsEdit
Middle FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French il.
PronounEdit
il m
DescendantsEdit
- French: il
Norwegian BokmålEdit
NounEdit
il f or m (definite singular ila or ilen, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)
Norwegian NynorskEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse il f, from Proto-Germanic *iljō f, *ili n.
NounEdit
il f (definite singular ila, indefinite plural iler, definite plural ilene)
InflectionEdit
Historical inflection of il
Forms in italics are currently considered non-standard. Forms in [brackets] were official, but considered second-tier. Forms in (parentheses) were allowed under Midlandsnormalen. 1Nouns were capitalised for most of the 19th century. Like il, see also fet and hes. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Related termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- “il” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.
Old FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin ille (masculine nominative).
PronounEdit
il m sg (feminine ele)
- he (third-person masculine singular subject pronoun)
DescendantsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Vulgar Latin illī, nominative masculine plural of Latin ille.
Alternative formsEdit
- ils (late, analogic)
PronounEdit
il m pl (feminine eles)
- they (third-person masculine plural subject pronoun)
- circa 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- S'il vos poent ataindre, ja vos areient tué.
- If they could range you, they would have already killed you.
DescendantsEdit
Old IrishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Celtic *ɸilus, from Proto-Indo-European *pélh₁us, from Proto-Indo-European *pelh₁-. Cognate with Gothic 𐍆𐌹𐌻𐌿 (filu, “much”), Ancient Greek πολύς (polús, “much”), Sanskrit पुरु (puru, “much”).
PronunciationEdit
AdjectiveEdit
il (equative lir, comparative lia)
- much, many (usually as the first member of a compound, usually governs a plural noun)
- cosin taidbse il ― with much ostentation
- Is amlid do·rigéni Dia corp duini ó il-ballaib. ― Thus God has made man's body of many members.
- Is ferr precept oldaas labrad il-béelre. ― Preaching is better than speaking many languages.
- c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 4d15
- In Belzefuth: is béss didu ind lïacc benir il-béim friss, et intí do·thuit foir ɔ·boing a chnámi, intí fora tuit-som immurgu at·bail-side.
- The Beelzebub: it is the custom, then, of the stone that many blows are hit on it, and he who falls upon it breaks his bones; however, he whom it falls on perishes
- c. 845, St Gall Glosses on Priscian, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1975, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. II, pp. 49–224, Sg. 26b7
- De dliguth trá inna n-il-toimdden sin, is de gaibthi “igitur”; quasi dixisset “Ní fail ní nád taí mo dligeth-sa fair i ndegaid na comroircnech.”
- Of the law then, of those many opinions, it is thereof that he recites “igitur”; as if he had said, “There is nothing which my law does not touch upon after the erroneous ones.
InflectionEdit
As a preposed adjective, usually uninflected, but the following forms are found occasionally:
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
MutationEdit
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| il | unchanged | n-il |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
Further readingEdit
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “1 il”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old NorseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *iljō, *ili (“sole”).
NounEdit
il f (genitive iljar, plural iljar)
DeclensionEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
“il”, in Geir T. Zoëga (1910) A Concise Dictionary of Old Icelandic, Oxford: Clarendon Press
SomaliEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Cushitic *ʔil-. Cognates include Oromo ija, Sidamo ille and Jiiddu el[1].
NounEdit
il
ReferencesEdit
- “il” In: Abdullah Umar Mansur (1985) Qaamuska Afsoomaliga.
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From ila (“to hurry”).
NounEdit
il c
DeclensionEdit
| Declension of il | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Plural | |||
| Indefinite | Definite | Indefinite | Definite | |
| Nominative | il | ilen | ilar | ilarna |
| Genitive | ils | ilens | ilars | ilarnas |
TurkishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Ottoman Turkish ایل (il), from Proto-Turkic *ēl (“realm”). Doublet of el.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
il (definite accusative ili, plural iller)
DeclensionEdit
| Inflection | ||
|---|---|---|
| Nominative | il | |
| Definite accusative | ili | |
| Singular | Plural | |
| Nominative | il | iller |
| Definite accusative | ili | illeri |
| Dative | ile | illere |
| Locative | ilde | illerde |
| Ablative | ilden | illerden |
| Genitive | ilin | illerin |
TzotzilEdit
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
il
- (transitive) to see
ReferencesEdit
- Laughlin, Robert M. [et al.] (1988) The Great Tzotzil Dictionary of Santo Domingo Zinacantán, vol. I. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Yucatec MayaEdit
VerbEdit
il
- to visit