Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nīþijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *nīþą (“hate, envy, malice”) +‎ *-janą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈniː.θi.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*nīþijaną

1. to revile
2. to despise

Inflection

Conjugation of *nīþijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nīþijō	*nīþijaų	—	*nīþijai	?
2nd singular	*nīþīsi	*nīþijais	*nīþī	*nīþijasai	*nīþijaisau
3rd singular	*nīþīþi	*nīþijai	*nīþijaþau	*nīþijaþai	*nīþijaiþau
1st dual	*nīþijōs	*nīþijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*nīþijaþiz	*nīþijaiþiz	*nīþijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*nīþijamaz	*nīþijaim	—	*nīþijanþai	*nīþijainþau
2nd plural	*nīþīþ	*nīþijaiþ	*nīþīþ	*nīþijanþai	*nīþijainþau
3rd plural	*nīþijanþi	*nīþijain	*nīþijanþau	*nīþijanþai	*nīþijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*nīþidǭ	*nīþidēdį̄
2nd singular	*nīþidēz	*nīþidēdīz
3rd singular	*nīþidē	*nīþidēdī
1st dual	*nīþidēdū	*nīþidēdīw
2nd dual	*nīþidēdudiz	*nīþidēdīdiz
1st plural	*nīþidēdum	*nīþidēdīm
2nd plural	*nīþidēdud	*nīþidēdīd
3rd plural	*nīþidēdun	*nīþidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*nīþijandz	*nīþidaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *nīþijan
  • Old English: nīþan
    • Middle English: nīthen
  • Old Saxon: *nīthian
    • Middle Low German: nīden
  • Old Dutch: nīthen
    • Middle Dutch: niden
      • Dutch: nijden
  • Old High German: nīden
    • Middle High German: nīden
      • German: neiden
• Old Norse: níða
  • Icelandic: níða