Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/niþer

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

*niþra

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *niter. Compare Sanskrit नितराम् (nitarām, “down, downwards”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈni.θer/

Adverb

*niþer

down, downwards

Derived terms

*niþerōną

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *niþer
- Old English: niþer, nyder
  - Middle English: nithere, nethere, nether
    - English: nether
    - Scots: nether, nedder
- Old Frisian: nither, nether
  - West Frisian: near
- Old Saxon: nithar
  - Middle Low German: nider
    - Low German: nedder
- Old Dutch: nither
  - Middle Dutch: nēder
    - Dutch: neder, neer
      - Afrikaans: neer
- Old High German: nidar
  - Middle High German: nider, neider
    - German: nieder
    - Hunsrik: nitter
    - Luxembourgish: nidder
    - Vilamovian: nejder
Old Norse: niðr
- Icelandic: niður
- Faroese: niður
- Norwegian: ned, ner
- Old Swedish: niþer, niþ, nedher, nedh
  - Swedish: ned, ner, neder
- Old Danish:
  - Danish: ned
- Old Gutnish: niþer