Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₁én

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This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-EuropeanEdit

Alternative reconstructionsEdit

*én^[1]^[2]

AdverbEdit

*h₁én^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

in

Derived termsEdit

*h₁én-s
- Proto-Hellenic: *ens
  - Ancient Greek: εἰς (eis)

*h₁(e)n-tér (“between”)^[4]^[8] (see there for further descendants)

*h₁én-teros (“inner, located inside”)^[4] (see there for further descendants)

*h₁(e)n-dó (“inside”)^[9] (see there for further descendants)

*h₁en-d(ʰ)r-óm^[10]
- Proto-Slavic: *ędro (see there for further descendants)

*h₁éni-h₃kʷ-o-, *h₁en-h₃ekʷ-o- (< *h₁eni + *h₃ekʷ- (“eye”))^[3]^[7]
- Proto-Celtic: *enekʷo-
  - Primitive Irish: ᚔᚅᚓᚊᚐᚌᚂᚐᚄ (ineqaglas)
    - Old Irish: enech
      - Irish: eineach
  - Proto-Brythonic: *ėnib (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Hellenic: *enōkʷā́
  - Ancient Greek: ἐνωπή (enōpḗ)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *HániHkas
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *HániHkas
    - Sanskrit: अनीक (ánīka)
  - Proto-Iranian: *HániHkah
    - Avestan: 𐬀𐬌𐬥𐬌𐬐𐬀‎ (aⁱnika)
    - Northern Kurdish: enî
*(h₁)ni- (“down”)
- Old Armenian: նի- (ni-)
- Proto-Celtic: *ni-
  - Old Irish: ne-
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ní (see there for further descendants)

*h₁n̥-dʰí (< *h₁ní + *dʰe) (see there for further descendants)

*(h₁)ni-tero-
- Proto-Germanic: *niþer (see there for further descendants)
- Sanskrit: नितराम् (nitarā́m, “downwards”)

*h₁(e)n-er- (“inner, under”)^[11]
- Proto-Germanic: *nurþraz
- Ancient Greek: νειρός (neirós), νέρτερος (nérteros), ἐνέρτερος (enérteros), ἔνερθεν (énerthen)/νέρθεν (nérthen), ἔνεροι (éneroi)

*h₁en-tós (“(from) inside”)^[3]
- Proto-Hellenic: *entós
  - Ancient Greek: ἐντός (entós)
- Proto-Italic: *entos
  - Latin: intus (see there for further descendants)
  - Venetic: 𐌄𐌍𐌕𐌏𐌋 (entol, “inside”) (< *entos + l-)

*h₁en-tr-om^[12]
- Proto-Balto-Slavic: *intró (“liver”)
  - Old Prussian: instran (“fat”)
  - Proto-Slavic: *ę̄trò (“liver”) (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hántram
  - Proto-Iranian: *Hantara-
    - Persian: اندر‎ (andar)
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hántram
    - Sanskrit: अन्त्र (ántra) (see there for further descendants)

*h₁ón-tr-om
- Proto-Slavic: *ǭtrò (see there for further descendants)
- Proto-Slavic: *ǫtrь
  - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *vъnǫtrь (“inside, within”) (*vъn- (“in”) + *ǫtrь)^[13]
    - East Slavic
      - Old East Slavic: утрь (utrĭ)
        Russian: внутрь (vnutrʹ), внутри́ (vnutrí)
    - South Slavic
      - Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic: уну́тар, уну́тра
        
        Latin: unútar, unútra
      - Slovene: nóter, notri
    - West Slavic
      - Old Czech: vňutř
        Czech: vnitř, uvnitř
      - Polish: wewnątrz
      - Slovak: vnútri
    - ⇒ Proto-Slavic: *vъnǭtrьnъ (*vъnǫtrь + *-ьnъ) (see there for further descendants)
      - >? Polish: wnętrze
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hā́ntram
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan: *Hāntrám
    - Sanskrit: आन्त्र (āntrá)
      - Hindi: अंतड़ी (antṛī)
      - Punjabi: ਅੰਤੜੀ (antaṛī)

DescendantsEdit

Armenian:
- Old Armenian: ի (i) / յ- (y-)
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *in (from zero-grade form *h₁n̥)^[5]
- Old Prussian: ēn
- Latvian: iekša (< *en-styā-s)
- Lithuanian: į, in (dialectal)
- Proto-Slavic: *vъ(n) (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Celtic: *en^[6] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Germanic: *in (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Hellenic: *en(i)^[14]
- Ancient Greek: ἐν (en); ἐνί (ení), εἰν (ein), εἰνί (einí) (poetic, metrical)
  Arcadocypriot Greek: ἰν (in)
  - Greek: εν (en)
Proto-Italic: *en^[3] (see there for further descendants)
Proto-Tocharian: [Term?]
- Tocharian A: -an
- Tocharian B: -ne

ReferencesEdit

^ Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN
^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), “Lexikon [Lexicon]”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 221
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “in”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “inter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 306
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 196–197
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*eni”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 116
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*enekʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 115
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*enter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “endo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 189
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ę̄drò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157
^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ę̄trò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158
^ Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387
^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 419

[1] Ringe, Donald (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN

[2] Dunkel, George E. (2014), “Lexikon [Lexicon]”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter GmbH Heidelberg, →ISBN, page 221

[DV_in-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “in”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 300

[DV_inter-4] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “inter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 306

[D-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Derksen, Rick (2015) Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 196–197

[M_eni-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*eni”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 116

[M_enekwo--7] 7.0 ^7.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*enekʷo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 115

[M_enter-8] 8.0 ^8.1 Matasović, Ranko (2009), “*enter”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 117

[9] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “endo”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 189

[10] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ę̄drò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 157

[11] Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 765

[12] Derksen, Rick (2008), “*ę̄trò”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 158

[13] Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 387

[14] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἐν”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 419

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