Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pranganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Unknown. Further etymological connections are unclear. Pokorny and Kroonen suggest a connection with Lithuanian branktas (“swingletree”) and Latvian brankti (“adjacent”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈprɑŋ.ɡɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*pranganą

1. to press

Inflection

Conjugation of *pranganą (strong class 7c)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*prangō	*prangaų	—	*prangai	?
2nd singular	*prangizi	*prangaiz	*prang	*prangazai	*prangaizau
3rd singular	*prangidi	*prangai	*prangadau	*prangadai	*prangaidau
1st dual	*prangōz	*prangaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*prangadiz	*prangaidiz	*prangadiz	—	—
1st plural	*prangamaz	*prangaim	—	*prangandai	*prangaindau
2nd plural	*prangid	*prangaid	*prangid	*prangandai	*prangaindau
3rd plural	*prangandi	*prangain	*prangandau	*prangandai	*prangaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*preprang	*preprangį̄
2nd singular	*prepranht	*preprangīz
3rd singular	*preprang	*preprangī
1st dual	*preprangū	*preprangīw
2nd dual	*preprangudiz	*preprangīdiz
1st plural	*preprangum	*preprangīm
2nd plural	*preprangud	*preprangīd
3rd plural	*preprangun	*preprangīn
	present	past
participles	*prangandz	*pranganaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *prangan
  • Old Saxon: *prangan
    • Middle Low German: prangen
  • Old Dutch: *prangan
    • Middle Dutch: prangen
      • Dutch: prangen
        • ⇒ Dutch: prangend
  • Old High German: *phrangan
    • Middle High German: phrengen, phrangen
      • German: pfrengen (obsolete)
      • ⇒ Middle High German: pranger (with West Central German consonantism)
        • German: Pranger
• Gothic: *𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (*praggan)
  • ⇒ Gothic: 𐌰𐌽𐌰𐍀𐍂𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽 (anapraggan)