Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/startijaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *(s)terd-, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ter- (“to be stiff”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈstɑr.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*startijaną

1. to stand out stiffly

Inflection

Conjugation of *startijaną (weak class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*startijō	*startijaų	—	*startijai	?
2nd singular	*startīsi	*startijais	*startī	*startijasai	*startijaisau
3rd singular	*startīþi	*startijai	*startijaþau	*startijaþai	*startijaiþau
1st dual	*startijōs	*startijaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*startijaþiz	*startijaiþiz	*startijaþiz	—	—
1st plural	*startijamaz	*startijaim	—	*startijanþai	*startijainþau
2nd plural	*startīþ	*startijaiþ	*startīþ	*startijanþai	*startijainþau
3rd plural	*startijanþi	*startijain	*startijanþau	*startijanþai	*startijainþau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*startidǭ	*startidēdį̄
2nd singular	*startidēz	*startidēdīz
3rd singular	*startidē	*startidēdī
1st dual	*startidēdū	*startidēdīw
2nd dual	*startidēdudiz	*startidēdīdiz
1st plural	*startidēdum	*startidēdīm
2nd plural	*startidēdud	*startidēdīd
3rd plural	*startidēdun	*startidēdīn
	present	past
participles	*startijandz	*startidaz

Related terms

• *stertaz
• *sturtijaną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *startijan
  • Old High German: *sterzen
    • Middle High German: sterzen
• Old Norse: sterta