Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swīnaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰgʷʰey- (“to decline, perish”). According to Kroonen the development of the initial consonant cluster was unstable, leading to the doublets *dwīnaną and *þwīnaną.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswiː.nɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swīnaną

1. to dwindle, to disappear

Inflection

Conjugation of *swīnaną (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swīnō	*swīnaų	—	*swīnai	?
2nd singular	*swīnizi	*swīnaiz	*swīn	*swīnazai	*swīnaizau
3rd singular	*swīnidi	*swīnai	*swīnadau	*swīnadai	*swīnaidau
1st dual	*swīnōz	*swīnaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swīnadiz	*swīnaidiz	*swīnadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swīnamaz	*swīnaim	—	*swīnandai	*swīnaindau
2nd plural	*swīnid	*swīnaid	*swīnid	*swīnandai	*swīnaindau
3rd plural	*swīnandi	*swīnain	*swīnandau	*swīnandai	*swīnaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swain	*swinį̄
2nd singular	*swaint	*swinīz
3rd singular	*swain	*swinī
1st dual	*swinū	*swinīw
2nd dual	*swinudiz	*swinīdiz
1st plural	*swinum	*swinīm
2nd plural	*swinud	*swinīd
3rd plural	*swinun	*swinīn
	present	past
participles	*swīnandz	*swinanaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swīnan
  • Old Saxon: *swīnan
    • Middle Low German: swînen
  • Old Dutch: *swīnan
    • Middle Dutch: swînen
      • Dutch: swijnen (obsolete)
  • Old High German: swīnan
    • Middle High German: swīnen
      • Alemannic German: schwiine
      • German: schweinen (obsolete)
• Old Norse: svína
  • Icelandic: svína