Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swimmaną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *swem(bʰ)- (“to be unsteady, move, swim”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈswim.mɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*swimmaną

1. to be unsteady
2. to swim; float

Inflection

Note: The past stem might have been later restored to *swumm-, but the forms listed are the etymologically original ones.

Conjugation of *swimmaną (strong class 3)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swimmō	*swimmaų	—	*swimmai	?
2nd singular	*swimmizi	*swimmaiz	*swimm	*swimmazai	*swimmaizau
3rd singular	*swimmidi	*swimmai	*swimmadau	*swimmadai	*swimmaidau
1st dual	*swimmōz	*swimmaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*swimmadiz	*swimmaidiz	*swimmadiz	—	—
1st plural	*swimmamaz	*swimmaim	—	*swimmandai	*swimmaindau
2nd plural	*swimmid	*swimmaid	*swimmid	*swimmandai	*swimmaindau
3rd plural	*swimmandi	*swimmain	*swimmandau	*swimmandai	*swimmaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*swamm	*summį̄
2nd singular	*swammt	*summīz
3rd singular	*swamm	*summī
1st dual	*summū	*summīw
2nd dual	*summudiz	*summīdiz
1st plural	*summum	*summīm
2nd plural	*summud	*summīd
3rd plural	*summun	*summīn
	present	past
participles	*swimmandz	*summanaz

Derived terms

• *sumþiz
• *swumþlą

Related terms

• *sumslą
• *swamōną

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *swimman
  • Old English: swimman
    • Middle English: swymmen, suymmyne, sweme, swemmen, swimmen, swyme, swymme; squim (Northern)
      • English: swim
      • Scots: sweem, soom
  • Old Frisian: swimma
    • Saterland Frisian: swimme
    • West Frisian: swimme
  • Old Saxon: swimman
    • Middle Low German: swemmen
      • Low German: swimmen, swemmen
      • Plautdietsch: schwamen
  • Old Dutch: *swimman
    • Middle Dutch: swemmen
      • Dutch: zwemmen
      • Limburgish: zwömme
  • Old High German: swimman
    • Middle High German: swimmen
      • Bavarian: schwimma
      • German: schwimmen
      • Luxembourgish: schwammen
      • Vilamovian: śwyma
      • Yiddish: שווימען (shvimen)
• Old Norse: svimma, svima
  • Faroese: svimja
  • Icelandic: svimma, svima, symja
  • Norn: suma
  • Norwegian Nynorsk: symja, svemja
  • Jamtish: symi
  • Elfdalian: simma
  • Old Swedish: symma
    • Swedish: simma
  • Scanian: sømma
  • Old Danish: swimmæ
    • Danish: svømme, svemme
      • Norwegian Bokmål: svømme
        • → Norwegian Nynorsk: svømma
  • Gutnish: sime