Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/uberstīganą

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From *uber- +‎ *stīganą.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˌu.βerˈstiː.ɣɑ.nɑ̃/

Verb

*uberstīganą

1. to ascend or climb over
2. to surpass, transcend, exceed

Inflection

Conjugation of *uberstīganą (strong class 1)

	active voice			passive voice
present tense	indicative	subjunctive	imperative	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*uberstīgō	*uberstīgaų	—	*uberstīgai	?
2nd singular	*ubirstīgizi	*uberstīgaiz	*uberstīg	*uberstīgazai	*uberstīgaizau
3rd singular	*ubirstīgidi	*uberstīgai	*uberstīgadau	*uberstīgadai	*uberstīgaidau
1st dual	*uberstīgōz	*uberstīgaiw	—	—	—
2nd dual	*uberstīgadiz	*uberstīgaidiz	*uberstīgadiz	—	—
1st plural	*uberstīgamaz	*uberstīgaim	—	*uberstīgandai	*uberstīgaindau
2nd plural	*ubirstīgid	*uberstīgaid	*ubirstīgid	*uberstīgandai	*uberstīgaindau
3rd plural	*uberstīgandi	*uberstīgain	*uberstīgandau	*uberstīgandai	*uberstīgaindau
past tense	indicative	subjunctive
1st singular	*uberstaig	*uberstigį̄
2nd singular	*uberstaiht	*uberstigīz
3rd singular	*uberstaig	*uberstigī
1st dual	*uberstigū	*uberstigīw
2nd dual	*uberstigudiz	*uberstigīdiz
1st plural	*uberstigum	*uberstigīm
2nd plural	*uberstigud	*uberstigīd
3rd plural	*uberstigun	*uberstigīn
	present	past
participles	*uberstīgandz	*uberstiganaz

Descendants

• Proto-West Germanic: *obarstīgan, *ubirstīgan
  • Old English: oferstīgan
  • Old Saxon: *ovarstīgan
    • Middle Low German: ȫverstīgen, ōverstīgen
  • Old Dutch: *overstīgan
    • Middle Dutch: overstigen
      • Dutch: overstijgen
  • Old High German: ubarstīgan
    • Middle High German: überstīgen, oberstīgen
      • German: übersteigen
• Old Norse: *yfirstíga (implied by yfirstiginn)
  • ⇒ Old Norse: yfirstígari ("conquerer")
• Gothic: 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐍃𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ufarsteigan)