Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ēs

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *(é)-ess, compound suffix from *(é)-os (athematic) (neuter s-stem) +‎ *-s (nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonants and compensatory lengthening.

Suffix

*(é)-ēs

1. Primarily forms last members of adjectival bahuvrīhi compounds

Inflection

Athematic, acrostatic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*(é)-ēs	*(é)-ēs
genitive	*(é)-esos	*(é)-esos
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-ēs	*(é)-esh₁(e)	*(é)-eses
vocative	*(é)-es	*(é)-esh₁(e)	*(é)-eses
accusative	*(é)-esm̥	*(é)-esh₁(e)	*(é)-esm̥s
genitive	*(é)-esos	*?	*(é)-esoHom
ablative	*(é)-esos	*?	*(é)-esmos
dative	*(é)-esey	*?	*(é)-esmos
locative	*(é)-es, *(é)-esi	*?	*(é)-esu
instrumental	*(é)-esh₁	*?	*(é)-esmis
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-ēs	*(é)-esh₁(e)	*(é)-eses
vocative	*(é)-es	*(é)-esh₁(e)	*(é)-eses
accusative	*(é)-esm̥	*(é)-esh₁(e)	*(é)-esm̥s
genitive	*(é)-esos	*?	*(é)-esoHom
ablative	*(é)-esos	*?	*(é)-esmos
dative	*(é)-esey	*?	*(é)-esmos
locative	*(é)-es, *(é)-esi	*?	*(é)-esu
instrumental	*(é)-esh₁	*?	*(é)-esmis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-es	*(é)-esih₁	*(é)-ēs
vocative	*(é)-es	*(é)-esih₁	*(é)-ēs
accusative	*(é)-es	*(é)-esih₁	*(é)-ēs
genitive	*(é)-esos	*?	*(é)-esoHom
ablative	*(é)-esos	*?	*(é)-esmos
dative	*(é)-esey	*?	*(é)-esmos
locative	*(é)-es, *(é)-esi	*?	*(é)-esu
instrumental	*(é)-esh₁	*?	*(é)-esmis

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ēs not found

• *-és-y-e-ti (denominal -ye- infinitive)
  • Ancient Greek: -έω (-éō) (partially)

Related terms

• *(é)-ōs

Descendants

• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: -ης (-ēs)
• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-ās
  • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *-ās
    • Sanskrit: -अष् (-aṣ)

References

• Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 310