Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ōs

See also: Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-os and Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-ós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Alternate Reconstructions

• *(é)-ōs ~ *(é)-es-os (acrostatic)

Etymology

From *(é)-os-s from *(é)-os (neuter s-stem) +‎ *-s (non-neuter nominative), with simplification of the geminate consonant /s/ and compensatory lengthening. Compare *-yōs.

Suffix

*(é)-ōs m or f

1. Creates masculine and feminine action nouns or result nouns from verbs.

Usage notes

The use of *-ōs as a derivational suffix to form nouns is supported by very limited evidence in Proto-Indo-European or any descendants other than Latin (where -or, -ōris became a somewhat common means of deriving masculine abstract nouns from the stems of verbs or occasionally adjectives) and descendants of Latin.

Inflection

Athematic, amphikinetic
	singular
nominative	*(é)-ōs
genitive	*(Ø)-sés
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(é)-ōs	*(é)-osh₁(e)	*(é)-oses
vocative	*(é)-os	*(é)-osh₁(e)	*(é)-oses
accusative	*(é)-osm̥	*(é)-osh₁(e)	*(é)-osm̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-sés	*?	*(Ø)-sóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-sés	*?	*(Ø)-smós
dative	*(Ø)-séy	*?	*(Ø)-smós
locative	*(Ø)-és, *(Ø)-ési	*?	*(Ø)-sú
instrumental	*(Ø)-séh₁	*?	*(Ø)-smís

Derived terms

Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ōs

Related terms

• *(é)-ēs

Descendants

• Hellenic:
  • Ancient Greek: some -ως (-ōs)/ -ώς (-ṓs) (ἠώς f (ēṓs), αἰδώς f (aidṓs), γέλως m (gélōs))
• Proto-Italic: *-ōs
  • Latin: -or