Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pléh₁dʰh₁eti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *pleh₁- (“to fill”) +‎ *-dʰh₁eti (resultative verbal suffix).

Verb

*pléh₁dʰh₁eti (imperfective)

1. to become full, swell
2. to increase, further

Inflection

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁eti
3rd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁onti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁om	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁esi	*pléh₁dʰh₁es	*pléh₁dʰh₁e	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēsi	*pléh₁dʰh₁oys
3rd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁eti	*pléh₁dʰh₁et	*pléh₁dʰh₁etu	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēti	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyt
1st dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁owos	*pléh₁dʰh₁owe	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōwos	*pléh₁dʰh₁oywe
2nd dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁etes	*pléh₁dʰh₁etom	*pléh₁dʰh₁etom	*pléh₁dʰh₁ētes	*pléh₁dʰh₁oytom
3rd dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁etes	*pléh₁dʰh₁etām	*pléh₁dʰh₁etām	*pléh₁dʰh₁ētes	*pléh₁dʰh₁oytām
1st plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁omos	*pléh₁dʰh₁ome	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōmos	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyme
2nd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁ete	*pléh₁dʰh₁ete	*pléh₁dʰh₁ete	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēte	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyte
3rd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁onti	*pléh₁dʰh₁ont	*pléh₁dʰh₁ontu	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōnti	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁n̥t
Participle	*pléh₁dʰh₁onts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁oh₂e	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōh₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₂e
2nd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁eth₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁eth₂e	*pléh₁dʰh₁eso	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēth₂er	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyth₂e
3rd singular	*pléh₁dʰh₁etor	*pléh₁dʰh₁eto	*?	*pléh₁dʰh₁ētor	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyto, *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁o
1st dual	*pléh₁dʰh₁owosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁owedʰh₂	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōwosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁oywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁omosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁omedʰh₂	—	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōmosdʰh₂	*pléh₁dʰh₁oymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁edʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁ēdʰh₂we	*pléh₁dʰh₁oydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*pléh₁dʰh₁oror, *pléh₁dʰh₁ontor	*pléh₁dʰh₁oro, *pléh₁dʰh₁onto	*?	*pléh₁dʰh₁ōror, *pléh₁dʰh₁ōntor	*pléh₁dʰh₁oyro, *pléh₁dʰh₁oyh₁n̥to
Participle	*pléh₁dʰh₁omnos

Derived terms

• *pléh₁dʰh₁-uh₁-s
  • Proto-Hellenic: *plētʰū́s
    • Ancient Greek: πληθῡ́ς (plēthū́s, “crowd”)
  • Proto-Italic: *plēðūs (“plebeian”)
    • Old Latin: plēbēs
      • Latin: plēbs
    • ⇒ Proto-Italic: *plēðros
      • Oscan: 𐌐𐌋𐌝𐌚𐌓𐌉𐌊𐌔 (plífriks)

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Iranian: *práHdʰHati
  • Proto-Iranian: *fráHdHati (“to increase”)
    • Old Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬛𐬀𐬝 (frādat̰, “to further”, prs.subj.)
      • Younger Avestan: 𐬟𐬭𐬁𐬜𐬀𐬙𐬌 (frāδati, “to further”)
    • Khwarezmian: [script needed] (šʾzy-, “to increase”)
    • Proto-Iranian: *wifráHdHati (“furthered, promote”)
      • Parthian:

        Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (wyfr’ynd, 3pl.pres.act.)

      • Middle Persian:

        Manichaean script: [Manichaean needed] (wyprʾyd)

• Proto-Hellenic: *plḗtʰō
  • Ancient Greek: πλήθω (plḗthō, “to become full, swell”)