Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-Iranian/támHsram

This Proto-Indo-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *témH-(e)s-ros (“darkness”), from *temH- (“to be dark”). Cognate with Proto-Germanic *þimstraz.

Noun

*támHsram n

1. darkness; dark night

Descendants

• Proto-Indo-Aryan: *támHsram, *támHsraH f
  • Sanskrit: तमिस्र (támisra, “darkness”), तमिस्रा f (támisrā, “dark night”)
• Proto-Iranian: *támHsram
  • Avestan: 𐬙𐬄𐬚𐬭𐬀 (tąθra, “darkness”)
  • Khotanese: ttāra (“dark”, adjective)
  • Middle Persian: [script needed] (tār), [script needed] (tārīk, “dark”, adjective)
    • Persian: تار (târ), تاریک (târik, “dark”, adjective)
  • Ossetian: тар (tar, “dark; darkness”)
  • Pashto: تور (tor, “black”)