Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/Hácwah

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

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Etymology

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PIE word
*h₁éḱwos

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háćwas, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁éḱwos.

    Noun

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    *Hácwah m[1][2][3]

    1. horse

    Inflection

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    masculine a-stem
    singular dual plural
    nominative *Hácwah *Hácwā *Hácwā
    vocative *Hácwa *Hácwā *Hácwā
    accusative *Hácwam *Hácwā *Hácwānh
    instrumental *Hácwā *HácwaybyaH *Hácwāyš
    ablative *Hácwāt *HácwaybyaH *Hácwaybyah
    dative *Hácwāy *HácwaybyaH *Hácwaybyah
    genitive *Hácwahya *Hácwayāh *Hácwānam
    locative *Hácway *Hácwayaw *Hácwayšu

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    • Central Iranian:
      • Avestan: 𐬀𐬯𐬞𐬀 (aspa)
    • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Southeastern Iranian:
      • Munji-Yidgha:
        • Munji: [script needed] (yōsp), [script needed] (yosp)
        • Yidgha: [script needed] (yā̌sp), [script needed] (yasp)
      • Ormuri-Parachi:
        • Ormuri:
          Kaniguram: [script needed] (yāsp), [script needed] (yansp)
          Logar: [script needed] (yâsp)
        • Parachi: ȫsp
      • Pathan: *ā́sᵽă-[3]
        • Pashto:
          Afridi: [script needed] m (wā̊s), [script needed] f (wā̊spa)
          Pashto: آس (ās), اس m (as), اسپه f (áspa)
          Waziri: [script needed] m (wōs), [script needed] f (wōspa)
        • Waneci: [script needed] (ās)
    • Northwestern Iranian:
      • Baluchi:
        Eastern Balochi: اسپ (asp)
        Western Balochi: اپس (aps)
      • Kurdish:
      • Medo-Parthian:
        • Gurani: ئەسپ (asp)
        • Komisenian:
          • Biyabanaki: [script needed] (asp)
          • Lasgerdi: [script needed] (asb)
          • Sangisari: [script needed] (asb), اسم (asm)
          • Sorkhei: [script needed] (äsp), [script needed] (äsm)
        • Old Median: *aspah
          • Middle Median: *asp
            • Kermanic:
              • Farizandi, Gazi, Kafroni, Kesehi, Khunsari, Natanzi, Zefrehi: asm
              • Natanzi, Yazdi, Yarandi: asb
              • Nayini: äsp
              • Qohrudi, Vonishuni: asp
              • Soi: äs
            • Sivandi: usūr
            • Tatic:
              • Southern Tati: [Term?] (asb)
              • Talysh: асп
          • Semnani: [script needed] (äsp)
          • Akkadian:
            Late Babylonian: 𒊍𒉺𒀪 (as-pa-ʾ /⁠aspaʾ⁠/)
          • Khinalug: спа (spa)
          • Old Persian: 𐎠𐎿𐎱 (a-s-p /⁠aspaʰ⁠/)
            • Middle Persian: 𐭮𐭥𐭮𐭩𐭠 (SWSYA /⁠asp⁠/)
              • Bakhtiari: [script needed] (asp)
              • Classical Persian: اسپ (asp)
              • Southwestern Fars:
                Masarami: [script needed] (äsp), [script needed] (äsb)
                Samghani: [script needed] (asp)
              • Larestani: [script needed] ('asp)
              • Southern Luri: [script needed] (asp)
        • Tabari:
          • Gilaki: [script needed] (asp), [script needed] (asb)
          • Mazanderani-Shahmirzadi:
            • Mazanderani: [script needed] (asb)
            • Shahmirzadi: [script needed] (asp), [script needed] (asb)
    • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Proto-Northeast Caucasian: *ʼɨčʷe[4]
    • Proto-Circassian: *č'ʷə[4]
    • Georgian: აჩუ (aču), აჩო (ačo), ჰაჩო (hačo, urge on horses), აცე (ace, urge on donkeys), აჩუა (ačua, horse) (nursery word)[4]
    • Mingrelian: აჩუ (aču, urge on horses; horse), აჩუა (ačua, horse) (nursery word)
    • Tocharian B: etswe

    References

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    1. ^ Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000–) “*āśu̯a-”, in Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, pages 243-246
    2. ^ Cathcart, Chundra Aroor (2015) Iranian Dialectology and Dialectometry (PhD dissertation)[1], Berkeley: University of California at Berkeley
    3. 3.0 3.1 Novák, Ľubomír (2013) Problem of Archaism and Innovation in the Eastern Iranian Languages (PhD dissertation)[2], Prague: Univerzita Karlova v Praze, filozofická fakulta, page 124
    4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 Witzel, Michael (2003) Linguistic Evidence for Cultural Exchange in Prehistoric Western Central Asia (Sino-Platonic Papers; 129)‎[3], Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania, Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, page 20