اسم
Arabic
editEtymology 1
editFrom Proto-Semitic *šim-, from Proto-Afroasiatic *sim- (“name”). Leveled in Arabic to the roots و س م (w-s-m) and س م و (s-m-w).
Cognate with Hebrew שם (shém).
Pronunciation
editNoun
editاِسْم • (ism) m (plural أَسْمَاء (ʔasmāʔ) or أَسَامٍ (ʔasāmin))
- name
- مَا ٱسْمُكَ؟ ― mā smuka? ― What is your name?
- بِسْمِ اللّٰهِ الرَّحْمٰنِ الرَّحِيمِ ― bismi allāhi r-raḥmāni r-raḥīmi ― in the name of God, the Merciful, the Compassionate
- بِسْمِ ٱلْآبِ وَٱلِٱبْنِ وَٱلرُّوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ ― bismi l-ʔābi wal-ibni war-rūḥi l-qudusi ― In the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Ghost
- appellation
- reputation, prestige
- (grammar) noun (a category above, including pronouns and substantives like adjectives and participles, see the derived terms to get a picture of the usage)
Declension
editSingular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | اِسْم ism |
الِاسْم al-ism |
اِسْم ism |
Nominative | اِسْمٌ ismun |
الِاسْمُ al-ismu |
اِسْمُ ismu |
Accusative | اِسْمًا isman |
الِاسْمَ al-isma |
اِسْمَ isma |
Genitive | اِسْمٍ ismin |
الِاسْمِ al-ismi |
اِسْمِ ismi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | اِسْمَيْن ismayn |
الِاسْمَيْن al-ismayn |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
Nominative | اِسْمَانِ ismāni |
الِاسْمَانِ al-ismāni |
اِسْمَا ismā |
Accusative | اِسْمَيْنِ ismayni |
الِاسْمَيْنِ al-ismayni |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
Genitive | اِسْمَيْنِ ismayni |
الِاسْمَيْنِ al-ismayni |
اِسْمَيْ ismay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote; broken plural diptote in ـٍ (-in) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَسْمَاء; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔ; ʔasāmī |
الْأَسْمَاء; الْأَسَامِي al-ʔasmāʔ; al-ʔasāmī |
أَسْمَاء; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔ; ʔasāmī |
Nominative | أَسْمَاءٌ; أَسَامٍ ʔasmāʔun; ʔasāmin |
الْأَسْمَاءُ; الْأَسَامِي al-ʔasmāʔu; al-ʔasāmī |
أَسْمَاءُ; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔu; ʔasāmī |
Accusative | أَسْمَاءً; أَسَامِيَ ʔasmāʔan; ʔasāmiya |
الْأَسْمَاءَ; الْأَسَامِيَ al-ʔasmāʔa; al-ʔasāmiya |
أَسْمَاءَ; أَسَامِيَ ʔasmāʔa; ʔasāmiya |
Genitive | أَسْمَاءٍ; أَسَامٍ ʔasmāʔin; ʔasāmin |
الْأَسْمَاءِ; الْأَسَامِي al-ʔasmāʔi; al-ʔasāmī |
أَسْمَاءِ; أَسَامِي ʔasmāʔi; ʔasāmī |
Derived terms
edit- اَلْأَسْمَاء الْخَمْسَة (al-ʔasmāʔ al-ḵamsa, “the five nouns”)
- اِسْم آلَة (ism ʔāla, “nomen instrumenti”)
- اِسْم إِشَارَة (ism ʔišāra, “pronomen demonstrativum”)
- اِسْم اِسْتِفْهَام (ism istifhām, “pronomen interrogativum”)
- اِسْم تَفْضِيل (ism tafḍīl, “elativus”)
- اِسْم جَمْع (ism jamʕ, “nomen generis”)
- اِسْم جِنْس (ism jins, “nomen appellativum”)
- اِسْم جِنْس إِفْرَادِيّ (ism jins ʔifrādiyy)
- اِسْم جِنْس جَمْعِيّ (ism jins jamʕiyy)
- اِسْم زَمَان (ism zamān, “nomen temporis”)
- اِسْم عَدَد (ism ʕadad, “nomen numeri”)
- اِسْم عَلَم (ism ʕalam, “nomen proprium”)
- اِسْم فَاعِل (ism fāʕil, “participium activum”)
- اِسْم مَرَّة (ism marra, “nomen vicis”)
- اِسْم مَفْعُول (ism mafʕūl, “participium passivum”)
- اِسْم مَقْصُور (ism maqṣūr, “noun ending in ى or ا”)
- اِسْم مَكَان (ism makān, “nomen loci”)
- اِسْم مَنْقُوص (ism manqūṣ, “noun ending in ـٍ (-in)”)
- اِسْم مَوْصُول (ism mawṣūl, “pronomen relativum”)
- اِسْم نَوْع (ism nawʕ, “nomen speciei”)
- اِسْم هَيْئَة (ism hayʔa, “nomen speciei”)
- اِسْم وَحْدَة (ism waḥda, “nomen unitatis”)
- اِسْم وِعَاء (ism wiʕāʔ, “nomen vasis”)
- اِسْمِيّ (ismiyy, “nominal, titular”)
Descendants
edit- Cypriot Arabic: ism
- Egyptian Arabic: إسم (ʔism)
- Hijazi Arabic: اسم (isim)
- Maltese: isem
- Moroccan Arabic: اسم (ism)
- Tunisian Arabic: اسم (ism)
- → Azerbaijani: ایسیم, isim (or via Persian)
- → Bashkir: исем (isem)
- → Kazakh: есім (esım)
- → Malay: اسم, isim
- → Classical Persian: اسم (ism) (see there for further descendants)
- → Swahili: isimu
Etymology 2
editSee the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.
Pronunciation
editVerb
edit- second-person masculine singular active imperative of سَمَا (samā)
Further reading
edit- Freytag, Georg (1833) “اسم”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum[1] (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 359–360
- Carter, Michael George (2017) “The Seven Deadly Sins of Arabic Studies”, in Manuel Sartori, Manuela E. B. Giolfo, Philippe Cassuto, editors, Approaches to the History and Dialectology of Arabic in Honor of Pierre Larcher (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics; 88), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 519–521
- Kasher, Almog (2009 October 1) “Term Ism in Medieval Arabic Grammatical Tradition: A Hyponym of Itself”, in Journal of Semitic Studies[2], Oxford Academix, retrieved 26 October 2018
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “سم”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN
Azerbaijani
editNoun
editاسم (ism) (definite accusative اسمی, plural اسملر)
- Alternative spelling of ایسیم
Hijazi Arabic
editEtymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editاسم • (isim) m (construct state اِسْم (ism), plural أسامي (ʔasāmi) or أسماء (ʔasmāʔ))
Malay
editEtymology
editPronunciation
edit- (Johor-Selangor) IPA(key): /isem/
- (Riau-Lingga) IPA(key): /isɪm/
- Rhymes: -isem, -sem, -em
Noun
editاسم (plural اسم-اسم or اسم۲, informal 1st possessive اسمکو, 2nd possessive اسممو, 3rd possessive اسمڽ)
Ottoman Turkish
editEtymology
editNoun
editاسم • (ism, isim) (plural اسملر)
Synonyms
edit- آد (ad)
Descendants
edit- Turkish: isim
Persian
editEtymology
editBorrowed from Arabic اِسْم (ism).
Pronunciation
edit- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʔism]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʔesm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʔism]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | ism |
Dari reading? | ism |
Iranian reading? | esm |
Tajik reading? | ism |
Noun
editDari | نام |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | اسم |
Tajik | ном |
اسم • (esm) (plural اسمها (esm-hâ) or اسامی (asâmi) or اَسْماء (asmâ(')))
- (especially Iran) name
- Synonym: نام (nâm)
- 2024 April 30, “یک سند محرمانه از تعرض جنسی به نیکا شاکرمی و جزئیات قتل او به دست نیروهای امنیتی ایران پرده برداشت”, in bbc.com/persian[3], BBC Persian:
- این اسناد شامل اسامی قاتلان نیکا و فرماندهان ارشدی است که سعی کردند واقعیت این ماجرا را مخفی کنند.
- in asnâd šâmel-e asâmi-ye qâtelân-e nikâ va farmândehân-e aršâdi ast ke sa'y kardand vâqe'iyat-e in mâjarâ râ maxfi konand.
- These documents contain the names of Nika's murderers and the senior commanders who attempted to hide the truth behind the incident.
- appellation
- Synonym: نامیده (nâmide)
- (grammar) noun
- Hyponym: اسم خاص (esm-e xâs)
Usage notes
edit- (name): In Iran, نام is more common in formal speech but اسم is more common in informal speech. However, اسم can be used in formal contexts as well. In Dari and Tajik, اسم is not the common word for "name" at any level of formality.
Descendants
editSouth Levantine Arabic
editRoot |
---|
و س م |
1 term |
Etymology
editPronunciation
editNoun
editTunisian Arabic
editEtymology
editNoun
editاسم (ʔism) m
- name
- شسمك ؟
- šismik
- What's your name?
- noun
- title
- ما ختارش اسم باهي لكتابه
- mā ḵtāriš ʔism bāhi liktābu
- He didn't choose a good title for his book
- first name
Urdu
editEtymology 1
editBorrowed from Classical Persian اسم (ism), from Arabic اِسْم (ism), from Proto-Semitic *šim-.
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɪsm/
Noun
editاِسْم • (ism) m (Hindi spelling इस्म)
Synonyms
edit- نام (nām)
Etymology 2
editLearned borrowing from Sanskrit असम (asama).
Pronunciation
edit- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ə.səm/
Adjective
editاَسَم • (asam) (Hindi spelling असम)
Further reading
edit- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “اسم”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Arabic terms inherited from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Arabic terms derived from Proto-Afroasiatic
- Arabic terms belonging to the root و س م
- Arabic terms belonging to the root س م و
- Arabic 1-syllable words
- Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Arabic terms with audio links
- Arabic 2-syllable words
- Arabic lemmas
- Arabic nouns
- Arabic masculine nouns
- Arabic terms with usage examples
- ar:Nouns
- ar:Parts of speech
- ar:Grammar
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote singular
- Arabic nouns with broken plural
- Arabic nouns with basic triptote broken plural
- Arabic nouns with diptote broken plural in -in
- Arabic non-lemma forms
- Arabic verb forms
- Arabic autohyponyms
- Arabic autological terms
- Azerbaijani lemmas
- Azerbaijani nouns
- Azerbaijani terms in Arabic script
- Hijazi Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Hijazi Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- Hijazi Arabic lemmas
- Hijazi Arabic nouns
- Hijazi Arabic masculine nouns
- Malay terms borrowed from Arabic
- Malay terms derived from Arabic
- Malay 2-syllable words
- Malay terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Malay/isem
- Rhymes:Malay/sem
- Rhymes:Malay/em
- Malay lemmas
- Malay nouns
- Malay terms in Arabic script
- Ottoman Turkish terms derived from Arabic
- Ottoman Turkish lemmas
- Ottoman Turkish nouns
- ota:Grammar
- Persian terms borrowed from Arabic
- Persian terms derived from Arabic
- Persian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Persian terms with audio links
- Persian lemmas
- Persian nouns
- Iranian Persian
- Persian terms with quotations
- fa:Grammar
- Persian autological terms
- fa:Parts of speech
- South Levantine Arabic terms belonging to the root و س م
- South Levantine Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- South Levantine Arabic terms with IPA pronunciation
- South Levantine Arabic terms with audio links
- South Levantine Arabic lemmas
- South Levantine Arabic nouns
- South Levantine Arabic masculine nouns
- South Levantine Arabic terms with collocations
- South Levantine Arabic terms with usage examples
- ajp:Parts of speech
- Tunisian Arabic terms inherited from Arabic
- Tunisian Arabic terms derived from Arabic
- Tunisian Arabic lemmas
- Tunisian Arabic nouns
- Tunisian Arabic masculine nouns
- Tunisian Arabic terms with usage examples
- Urdu terms derived from Arabic
- Urdu terms derived from the Arabic root س م و
- Urdu terms borrowed from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Classical Persian
- Urdu terms derived from Proto-Semitic
- Urdu terms with IPA pronunciation
- Urdu lemmas
- Urdu nouns
- Urdu masculine nouns
- ur:Grammar
- Urdu terms borrowed from Sanskrit
- Urdu learned borrowings from Sanskrit
- Urdu terms derived from Sanskrit
- Urdu adjectives
- Urdu autological terms
- ur:Parts of speech