Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/cwā́

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

Noun

*cwā́

1. dog

   Synonym: *kútah

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Avestan: 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (śve)
• Southeastern Iranian:
  • Pashto: سپی m (spay), سپۍ f (spëy)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • Kurdish:
    • Northern Kurdish: se
    • Central Kurdish: سەگ (seg)
  • Proto-Medo-Parthian: *spā́kəh
    • Caspian:
      • Gilaki: اسپه (əspə), سک (sək)
      • Mazanderani: سک (sak)
    • Old Median: σπάκα (spā́kəʰ) (see there for further descendants)
    • Parthian: 𐫙𐫘𐫛𐫃 (ʿspg /⁠ispag⁠/)
      • → Persian: اسبه (esba)
    • Proto-Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: سپە (sipa)
      • Zazaki: espe (aspa)
    • → Proto-Slavic: *sobàka (“dog”) (< *sabā́ka-) (see there for further descendants)
• Southwestern Iranian:
  • Old Persian: *sakah
    • Middle Persian: (/⁠sak, sag⁠/)

      Manichaean script: 𐫘𐫃 (sg)

      Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (KLBA)

      Psalter Pahlavi script: [Psalter Pahlavi needed] (sky)

      • Persian: سگ (sag)
      • Northern Luri: سٱی (say)
      • Tat: səy (say)