se

See also: σε and Appendix:Variations of "se"

Contents

TranslingualEdit

AbbreviationEdit

se

1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

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AfrikaansEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• s'n (used without a following noun)
• syn (obsolete)

EtymologyEdit

Unstressed form of sy, syn ‎(“his, its”), from Dutch zijn, z'n ‎(“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /s‌ə/

ParticleEdit

se

1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's

   Dis my ouma se huis.

   This is my grandmother’s house.

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AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- 'how, what'. Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. that as, when

   Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.‎

   It seems to me that you need some new friends.

   Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.‎

   My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

Related termsEdit

• si
• sa

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BonanEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /sə/

NounEdit

se

1. water

ReferencesEdit

• Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) (November 1994), “Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan”, in (Please provide the title of the work)^[1], Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
• Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

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BretonEdit

PronounEdit

se

1. that, this

   Petra eo se?‎ ― What's that?

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CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun).

PronounEdit

se ‎(enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
4. each other (direct or indirect object)

DeclensionEdit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics

	strong/subject	weak (direct object)		weak (indirect object)		possessive
singular		proclitic	enclitic	proclitic	enclitic
1st person	jo, mi3	em, m’	-me, ’m	em, m’	-me, ’m	meu
1st person majestic1	nós	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	tu	et, t’	-te, ’t	et, t’	-te, ’t	teu
2nd person formal1	vós	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person very formal2	vostè	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person masculine	ell	el, l’	-lo, ’l	li	-li	seu
3rd person feminine	ella	la, l’4	-la	li	-li	seu
3rd person neuter		ho	-ho	li	-li	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
plural
1st person	nosaltres	ens	-nos, ’ns	ens	-nos, ’ns	nostre
2nd person	vosaltres	us	-vos, -us	us	-vos, -us	vostre
2nd person formal2	vostès	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person masculine	ells	els	-los, ’ls	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person feminine	elles	les	-les	els	-los, ’ls	seu
3rd person reflexive	si	es, s’	-se, ’s	es, s’	-se, ’s	seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive		en, n’	-ne, ’n
locative		hi	-hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural. 2) Behaves grammatically as third person.			3) Only as object of a preposition. 4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

Usage notesEdit

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

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CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronunciationEdit

• audio

  (file)

PronounEdit

se ‎(reflexive pronoun)

1. myself
2. yourself
3. himself
4. herself
5. itself
6. ourselves
7. yourselves
8. themselves
9. oneself

DeclensionEdit

Declension of se

	singular
nominative	-
genitive	sebe
dative	sobě, si
accusative	sebe, se
vocative	-
locative	sobě
instrumental	sebou

SynonymsEdit

• sebe

Related termsEdit

• si

PrepositionEdit

se ‎(also s)

1. with

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DalmatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē.

PronounEdit

se

1. (reflexive) oneself

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DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- ‎(“to see, notice”). Compare Norwegian and Swedish se, Icelandic sjá.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /seː/, [seːˀ]

VerbEdit

se ‎(imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har/er set)

1. To see.

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DimasaEdit

NumeralEdit

sé

1. one

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EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Italian se, influenced by French si, Spanish si, and Latin sī.

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if

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EweEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/

NounEdit

se ‎(plural sewo)

1. law

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FalaEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• si

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.

PronounEdit

se

1. used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:

     Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.

     We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.

2. reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
   • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:

     Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.

     They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

SynonymsEdit

• (reflexive): -si

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FinnishEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ˈse/
• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -e

PronounEdit

se ‎(stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

1. (demonstrative, including in Kven) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that
2. (colloquial and dialectal, Kven) he, she
3. (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below)

Usage notesEdit

• Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)

(standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.

The man came to me.

(standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.

A man came to me.

InflectionEdit

Irregular.

Declension of se noun case singular plural adverbial form singular plural nominative se ne superessive siellä – genitive sen niiden, niitten delative sieltä – partitive sitä niitä sublative sinne – accusative se, sen ne lative siis – inessive siinä niissä temporal silloin – elative siitä niistä causative siten – illative siihen niihin multiplicative – – adessive sillä niillä distributive – – ablative siltä niiltä temp. dist. – – allative sille niille prolative – – essive sinä niinä situative – – translative siksi niiksi oppositive – – instructive – (niin) abessive – (niittä) comitative – niine

SynonymsEdit

• hän (Kven)

Derived termsEdit

• se ja se
• se siitä
• sellainen
• sen koommin
• sen pituinen se

See alsoEdit

• tämä
• tuo
• nämä
• nuo
• ne

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FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun). See also soi.

PronunciationEdit

• audio

  (file)

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -ə
• Homophone: ce

PronounEdit

se m, f ‎(pre-vocalic s')

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
   1. (to) himself
   2. (to) herself
   3. (to) oneself
   4. (to) itself
   5. (to) themselves
   6. (to) each other

Usage notesEdit

• Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
• Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:

  Il est normal de se parler.‎ ― It is normal to talk to oneself.

See alsoEdit

• The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
• The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Related termsEdit

French personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative (subject)	Reflexive	Accusative (direct complement)	Dative (indirect complement)	Locative (at)	Genitive (of)	Disjunctive (tonic)
Singular	First	—	je, j’	me, m’			—	—	moi
	Second	—	tu	te, t’			—	—	toi
	Third	Masculine	il	se, s’	le, l’	lui	y	en	lui
		Feminine	elle		la, l’				elle
		—	on		—	—	—	—	soi
Plural	First	—	nous	nous			—	—	nous
	Second	—	vous	vous			—	—	vous
	Third	Masculine	ils	se, s’	les	leur	y	en	eux
		Feminine	elles						elles

Derived termsEdit

• s'en aller

AnagramsEdit

• es, ès

External linksEdit

• “se” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

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GalicianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sē, ablative and accusative pronoun form.

PronounEdit

se reflexive, sg and pl

1. himself, herself, itself (reflexive singular third-person personal pronoun)
2. themselves (reflexive plural third-person personal pronoun)

Usage notesEdit

The form se is the reflexive pronoun only when used as a direct or indirect object. The prepositional object reflexive form is si.

Related termsEdit

• si

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin sī.

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if

See alsoEdit

• Appendix:Galician pronouns
• consigo

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Haitian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French c'est ‎(“it is”)

VerbEdit

se

1. to be
2. that is (compare French c'est)
3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notesEdit

• Use ye at the end of a clause.
• This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou ‎(“for”) or tankou ‎(“like”).

ReferencesEdit

• [2]

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HungarianEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): [ˈʃɛ]

• Audio

  (file)

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. neither

Derived termsEdit

(Compound words):

• sebaj
• sehogy
• sehova
• semennyi

(Expressions):

• se füle, se farka
• se híre, se hamva

See alsoEdit

• sem

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IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Esperanto se.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /se/, /sɛ/

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if

   La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus.‎ ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.

   Se me povus, me komprus altra domo.‎ ― If I could, I would buy another house.

NounEdit

se ‎(plural se-i)

1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

See alsoEdit

• (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze ^{(Category: io:Latin letter names)}

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InterlinguaEdit

PronounEdit

se ‎(third person)

1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.

   Illa se videva in le speculo.‎ ― She saw herself in the mirror.

2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.

   Quando illes se cognosceva?‎ ― When did they meet (each other)?

3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").

   De mi casa se vide le mar.‎ ― From my house the sea is seen. (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)

4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".

   espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notesEdit

• (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.

  infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”

  repentir se — “to repent”

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IstriotEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sī.

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if
   • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:

     Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere,‎

     Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys,

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ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Rhymes: -e

Etymology 1Edit

From Late Latin se, from Latin sī, from Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun).

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if

   Se non è vero, è ben trovato.‎

   If it is not true, it is a good story.

2. whether
3. if only

Derived termsEdit

• se non
• se non che

Etymology 2Edit

PronounEdit

se

1. Alternative form of sé

Usage notesEdit

• Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
• Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.

ReferencesEdit

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JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

se

1. rōmaji reading of せ
2. rōmaji reading of セ

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KalashaEdit

PronounEdit

se

1. he/she/it (absent from speaker)

Coordinate termsEdit

• áya

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KurdishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• seg (Sorani)

EtymologyEdit

From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Median σπάκα ‎(“dog”), Persian سگ ‎(sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ ‎(aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 ‎(spā), Pashto سپۍ ‎(spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्वन् ‎(śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

NounEdit

se ?

1. (Kurmanji) dog

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LadinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē.

PronounEdit

se

1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
2. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

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LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun).

PronunciationEdit

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /seː/

• Audio (Classical)

  (file)

PronounEdit

sē

1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves

   Sē amat.‎

   He loves himself.

   Necessario sē aperiunt.‎

   They were forced to open themselves.

   In marī sē praecipitāvit.‎

   He drowned himself in the sea.

2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

Usage notesEdit

• There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

InflectionEdit

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular	First-person	Second-person	Reflexive
nominative	egō	tū	—
genitive	meī	tuī	suī
dative	mihi	tibi	sibi
accusative	mē	tē	sē, sēsē
ablative	mē	tē	sē, sēsē
vocative	egō	tū	—
possessive	meus	tuus	suus
Plural	First-person	Second-person	Reflexive
nominative	nōs	vōs	—
genitive	nostrī, nostrum	vestrī, vestrum	suī
dative	nōbīs	vōbīs	sibi
accusative	nōs	vōs	sē, sēsē
ablative	nōbīs	vōbīs	sē, sēsē
vocative	nōs	vōs	—
possessive	noster	vester, voster	suus

Derived termsEdit

• inter sē
• per sē
• sēcum

DescendantsEdit

• Aromanian: se
• Catalan: se
• Dalmatian: se
• French: se, soi
• Galician: se
• Italian: sé

• Ladin: se
• Occitan: se
• Portuguese: se
• Romanian: se, sine
• Sicilian: si
• Spanish: se

See alsoEdit

Latin personal pronouns

Number	Person	Gender	Nominative	Genitive	Dative	Accusative	Ablative	Possessive
Singular	First	—	ego	meī	mihi	mē		meus, -a, -um
	Second	—	tū	tuī	tibi	tē		tuus, -a, -um
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	is	eius	eī	eum	eō	eius
		Feminine	ea			eam	eā
		Neuter	id			id	eō
Plural	First	—	nōs	nostrī, nostrum	nōbīs	nōs	nōbīs	noster, -tra, -trum
	Second	—	vōs	vestrī, vestrum	vōbīs	vōs	vōbīs	vester, -tra, -trum
	Reflexive third	—	—	suī	sibi	sē, sēsē		suus, -a, -um
	Third	Masculine	eī, iī	eōrum	eīs	eōs	eīs	eōrum
		Feminine	eae	eārum		eās		eārum
		Neuter	ea	eōrum		ea		eōrum

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LojbanEdit

CmavoEdit

se ‎(rafsi sel)

1. exchanges the x₁ and x₂ sumti of the following brivla

   mi se viska la djan.‎ ― I am seen by John.

2. indicates that the object of a preposition fills x2 of its corresponding brivla

   ti cukta se bau la oDET.‎ ― This is a book in Odette's language.

3. reverses the two clauses connected by a logical conjunction

   mi klama le zarci se.u le ckule‎ ― I go to the school whether or not the store.

See alsoEdit

• te
• ve
• xe

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Low GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/

PronounEdit

se

1. she

   Se is Anke.‎

   She is Anke (Annie).

PronounEdit

se

1. they

   Se kaamt ut Bremen.‎

   They come from Bremen.

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Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): [sɛ]

PronounEdit

se

1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
2. each other, one another
3. used to form passives

Derived termsEdit

• se wě

ReferencesEdit

• se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

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LuxembourgishEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /zə/

PronounEdit

se

1. unstressed form of si

DeclensionEdit

Luxembourgish personal pronouns

	nominative		accusative		dative		reflexive
	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.	str.	unstr.
1st person singular	ech	—	mech	—	mir	mer	mech
2nd person singular (informal)	du	de	dech	—	dir	der	dech
2nd person singular (formal)	Dir	—	Iech	—	Iech	—	Iech
3rd person singular (m)	hien	en	en	—	him	em	sech
3rd person singular (f)	si / hatt	se / et	si / hatt	se / et	hir / him	— / em	sech
3rd person singular (n)	et	't	et	't	him	em	sech
1st person plural	mir	mer	eis / ons	—	eis / ons	—	eis / ons
2nd person plural	dir	der	iech	—	iech	—	iech
3rd person plural	si	—	si	—	hinnen	–	sech

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MalayEdit

Malay cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : se

EtymologyEdit

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

Alternative formsEdit

• esa
• ĕsă
• sĕ (sĕ-)
• sa (sa-)
• să (să-)
• اسا
• س (س-)

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /sə/
• Rhymes: -sə, -ə

NumeralEdit

se ‎(Jawi spelling س)

1. (cardinal) one

Derived termsEdit

• se- / س-

SynonymsEdit

• satu / ساتو
• tunggal / توڠݢل
• eka (eka-) / ايک (ايک-)
• ahad / احد

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MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

se

1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notesEdit

• English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

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Middle EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā ‎(“so”). More at so.

AdverbEdit

se

1. so

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Middle FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

PronounEdit

se

1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
   1. himself
   2. herself
   3. oneself
   4. itself
   5. themselves
   6. each other
2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
   1. to himself
   2. to herself
   3. to oneself
   4. to itself
   5. to themselves
   6. to each other

      ils se donnerent bataille‎ ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notesEdit

• Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
• Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

DescendantsEdit

• French: se

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Middle Low GermanEdit

PronunciationEdit

• Stem vowel: ê⁴
  • (originally) IPA^(key): /seː/

EtymologyEdit

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

PronounEdit

sê

1. (third person singular female nominative) she
2. her (accusative of sê)
3. (third person plural nominative) they
4. them (accusative of sê)

DeclensionEdit

Middle Low German personal pronouns

		nominative	accusative	dative	genitive
1st person singular		ik (ek)	mî (mê, mik, mek)		mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular		dû	dî (dê, dik, dek)		dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
	m	hê (hî, hie)	ēne, en	ēme, em (ȫme, en)	sîn (sîner)
	n	it (et)
	f	sê (sî, sie, sü̂)		ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural		wî (wê, wie)	uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik)		unser (ûser)
2nd person plural		gî (jê, î)	jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik)		jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural		sê (sî, sie)		ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.

---

NeapolitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /se/
• Rhymes: -e

PronounEdit

se

1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

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Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- ‎(“to see, notice”). Compare Danish and Swedish se, Icelandic sjá.

PronunciationEdit

• Audio

  (file)

VerbEdit

se ‎(imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived termsEdit

• anse
• etterse
• forutse

• innse
• seer
• usett

ReferencesEdit

• “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

---

NovialEdit

PronounEdit

se

1. (reflexive) himself; herself; itself; themselves

Usage notesEdit

• Used only for the third person.

---

Old EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• þe (later form for se), þēo (alternative form for sēo)

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só. Cognate with Old Saxon sē and thē (thiu, that), Old Norse sá (sú, þat), Gothic 𐍃𐌰 ‎(sa) (𐍃𐍉 ‎(sō), 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 ‎(þata)), Old High German ther (thiu, thaz) (German der (die, das)), Ancient Greek ὁ ‎(ho) (ἡ ‎(hē), το ‎(to)).

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /se/

ArticleEdit

se m ‎(definite)

1. the

   se mona.‎

   the moon.

AdjectiveEdit

sē ‎(demonstrative)

1. that, those

   Þone ræd gerædde Widsið.‎

   Widsith gave that advice.

PronounEdit

sē m ‎(demonstrative pronoun)

1. he, it, that

   Þa ne sacað.‎

   They do not quarrel.

Usage notesEdit

• (he, it, that): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

DeclensionEdit

	Singular			Plural
	m	n	f
nominative	sē	þæt	sēo	þā
accusative	þone	þæt	þā	þā
genitive	þæs	þæs	þǣre	þāra, þǣra
dative	þǣm, þām	þǣm, þām	þǣre	þǣm, þām
instrumental	þȳ, þī, þon

---

Old FrenchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin sē ‎(“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.

Alternative formsEdit

• sei
• soi

PronounEdit

se m, f ‎(invariable)

1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)

DescendantsEdit

• French: se

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin si.

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if
2. then (afterwards; following)

DescendantsEdit

• French: si

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Old FrisianEdit

PronounEdit

se

1. she
2. they

---

Old IrishEdit

DeterminerEdit

se

1. Alternative spelling of so

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Old SaxonEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /seːo̯/

EtymologyEdit

Representing the Proto-Indo-European demonstrative pronoun *siā, *sā, adapted in West Germanic as the definite article by analogy with the t- stem forms (Old Saxon that). Cognate with Old English seo, Old Norse sú, Gothic 𐍃𐍉 ‎(sō), Ancient Greek ἡ ‎(hē).

ArticleEdit

sē m ‎(demonstrative)

1. definite article: the

   sē māno‎ ― the moon

2. demonstrative adjective: that, those

   Hē gaf thē gift.‎ ― He gave that gift.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of sē

	Singular			Plural
	Masculine	Neuter	Feminine
nominative	sē	that	sīu	thē
accusative	than	that	thē	thē
genitive	thēs	thēs	thēra	thēra
dative	thēm	thēm	thēra	thēm
instrumental	thiu, thia, thuo, thuru

See alsoEdit

• Feminine: siu
• Neuter: that

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PilagáEdit

PronounEdit

se

1. I

   se-take‎ ― I want

ReferencesEdit

• 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

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PipilEdit

Pipil cardinal numbers

<  0	1	2  >
Cardinal : sē     Ordinal : achtu     Adverbial : seujti     Distributive : sejsē ika

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce ‎(“one”).

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /ˈseː/

NumeralEdit

sē

1. one

   Nikneki semaya se‎

   I want only one

ArticleEdit

sē

1. a, indefinite article

   Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit‎

   We saw an owl in the trees

PronounEdit

sē

1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun

   Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati‎

   Someone came who said she/he knows you

   Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal‎

   One of you has to go to buy the food

   Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal‎

   My mom gave me something for you all

---

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

• (Portugal) IPA^(key): /sɨ/
• (Brazil) IPA^(key): /si/
  • Homophone: si
• (South Brazil) IPA^(key): /se/
  • Homophone: cê
• Hyphenation: se
• Rhymes: -i

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun).

PronounEdit

se m f

1. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves

   Ela se viu no espelho.‎

   She saw herself in the mirror.

2. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another

   Quando eles se conheceram?‎

   When did they meet (each other)?

3. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves

   E você se diz um professor!‎

   And you call yourself a teacher!

4. forms the passive voice; be; get

   espantar‎ ― to frighten

   espantar-se‎ ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)

   Da minha casa se vê o mar.‎

   The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "...the sea sees itself.")

5. impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself

   Vive-se bem em Belém.‎

   One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")

QuotationsEdit

For usage examples of this term, see Citations:se.

Usage notesEdit

• When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
• (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.

  comunicar-se (com)‎ ― to communicate (with)

  arrepender-se‎ ― to repent

• Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:

  O professor acalmou os alunos.‎

  The teacher calmed the students down.

  O professor acalmou-se.‎

  The teacher calmed down.

See alsoEdit

Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number	Person	Nominative (subject)		Accusative (direct object)		Dative (indirect object)	Oblique		Oblique with com		Non-declining
		m	f	m	f	m and f	m	f	m	f	m	f
Singular	First	eu		me			mim		comigo
	Second	tu		te			ti		contigo		você
											o senhor	a senhora
	Third	ele	ela	o (lo, no)	a (la, na)	lhe	ele	ela	com ele	com ela	o mesmo	a mesma
				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Plural	First	nós		nos			nós		connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil)		a gente
	Second	vós		vos			vós		convosco		vocês
											os senhores	as senhoras
	Third	eles	elas	os (los, nos)	as (las, nas)	lhes	eles	elas	com eles	com elas	os mesmos	as mesmas
				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite				se (reflexive)			si (reflexive)		consigo (reflexive)

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī ‎(“if”).

Alternative formsEdit

• si (eye dialect)

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if (introduces a condition)
   • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:

     Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!‎

     I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!

   Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.‎

   If you go out, take an umbrella.

   Só começaremos se nos pagarem.‎

   We will only begin if they pay us.

QuotationsEdit

For usage examples of this term, see Citations:se.

SynonymsEdit

• caso

AntonymsEdit

• caso contrário, senão

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RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun).

PronunciationEdit

• Rhymes: -e

PronounEdit

se

1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related termsEdit

• sine

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RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

• (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
• (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
• (Puter, Vallader) sü

EtymologyEdit

AdverbEdit

se

1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

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SamoanEdit

ArticleEdit

se

1. a (singular indefinite article)

See alsoEdit

• le

---

Serbo-CroatianEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /se/

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronounEdit

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
   1. myself
   2. yourself
   3. himself
   4. herself
   5. itself
   6. ourselves
   7. yourselves
   8. themselves

DeclensionEdit

Declension of se

	singular	plural
nominative	—	—
genitive	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
dative	sȅbi, si	sȅbi
accusative	sȅbe, se	sȅbe
vocative	—	—
locative	sȅbi	sȅbi
instrumental	sȍbōm	sȍbom

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

ParticleEdit

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

1. (obsolete) this is; here is
   • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:

     се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь

     Here lies Viganj Milošević.

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SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /sɛ/
• Tonal orthography: se

PronounEdit

se

1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of se (irregular, suppletive)

singular
	1st person	2nd person	reflexive
nominative	jàz	tí	—
accusative	méne, me	tébe, te	sébe, se
genitive	méne, me	tébe, te	sébe, se
dative	méni, mi	tébi, ti	sébi, si
locative	méni	tébi	sébi
instrumental	menój, máno	tebój, tábo	sebój, sábo
possessive	mój	tvój	svój
dual
	1st person	2nd person	reflexive
nominative	mídva m, médve/mídve f, n	vídva m, védve/vídve f, n	—
accusative	náju	váju	sébe, se
genitive	náju	váju	sébe, se
dative	náma	váma	sébi, si
locative	náju	váju	sébi
instrumental	náma	váma	sebój, sábo
possessive	nájin	vájin	svój
plural
	1st person	2nd person	reflexive
nominative	mí m, mé f, n	ví m, vé f, n	—
accusative	nàs	vàs	sébe, se
genitive	nàs	vàs	sébe, se
dative	nàm	vàm	sébi, si
locative	nàs	vàs	sébi
instrumental	nàmi	vàmi	sebój, sábo
possessive	nàš	vàš	svój

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SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /se/, [se̞]
• Homophone: sé

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé ‎(reflexive pronoun).

PronounEdit

se m, f ‎(third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object; oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
2. Used to form the passive voice in the third person (also used for usted and ustedes).

   ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” (Literally, “How are you called?”)

3. Used to form impersonal sentences.

   Se dice que... — “It is said that...”

4. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.

   El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

Usage notesEdit

• (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
• (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:

  Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.

See alsoEdit

Spanish personal pronouns

				nominative	dative	accusative	disjunctive
first person	singular			yo	me		mí1
	plural	masc.		nosotros	nos		nosotros
		fem.		nosotras			nosotras
second person	singular	tuteo		tú	te		ti1
		voseo		vos			vos
		formal2		usted	le	lo/la3	usted
	plural	familiar4	masc.	vosotros	os		vosotros
			fem.	vosotras			vosotras
		formal/general2		ustedes	les	los/las3	ustedes
third person	singular	masc.		él	le	lo	él
		fem.		ella		la	ella
		neut.		ello5		lo/la3	ello
	plural	masc.		ellos	les	los	ellos
		fem.		ellas		las	ellas
	sing. & pl.	reflexive		—	se		sí1

• Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  
• If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., "Se lo dije" instead of "Le lo dije")

¹ Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively

² Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity

³ Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to

⁴ Used only in Spain

⁵ Used only in rare circumstances

VerbEdit

se ‎(main verb saber)

1. Misspelling of sé.

See alsoEdit

• Appendix:Spanish pronouns

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SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- ‎(“to see, notice”). Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.

PronunciationEdit

• IPA^(key): /seː/

• audio

  (file)

• Homophones: C, c
• Rhymes: -eː

VerbEdit

se

1. to see; use one's sight
   • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie

     Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!‎

     Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!

   • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult

     Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.‎

     What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.

2. to see; to understand

   Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.‎

   I don't see how that could be possible.

3. to see; to form a mental picture of

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of se

	Active	Passive
Infinitive	se	ses
Present tense	ser	ses
Past tense	såg	sågs
Supine	sett	setts
Imperative	se	—
Present participle	seende
Past participle	sedd

HypernymsEdit

• förnimma

Related termsEdit

• höra
• lukta
• smaka
• känna

Derived termsEdit

• avse
• bortse
• frånse
• inse
• se an / se något an
• se efter
• se på
• se ut
• se till
• tillse
• återse
• överse

SynonymsEdit

use one's sight

• titta
• kolla
• stirra

understand

• förstå
• fatta
• begripa

See alsoEdit

• syn
• sikt

---

TarantinoEdit

PronounEdit

se ‎(impersonal, reflexive)

1. it
2. one

---

Tocharian AEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր ‎(ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς ‎(huiús).

NounEdit

se m

1. son

See alsoEdit

• ckācar
• pācar
• mācar
• pracar
• ṣar

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TurkishEdit

NounEdit

se

1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

---

TuvaluanEdit

ArticleEdit

se ‎(indefinite article)

1. a, an

---

VepsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *se.

DeterminerEdit

se

1. it
2. that (far)

InflectionEdit

Inflection of se
nominative sing.	se
genitive sing.	sen
partitive sing.	sidä
partitive plur.	niid
	singular	plural
nominative	se	ne ned
accusative	sen	ne ned
genitive	sen	niiden
partitive	sidä	niid
essive-instructive	sen	—
translative	sikš	niikš
inessive	siš	niiš
elative	sišpäi	niišpäi
illative	sihe	niihe
adessive	sil	niil
ablative	silpäi	niilpäi
allative	sile	niile
abessive	sita	niita
comitative	senke	niidenke
prolative	sidäme	niidme
approximative I	senno	niidenno
approximative II	sennoks	niidennoks
egressive	sennopäi	niidennopäi
terminative I	sihesai	niihesai
terminative II	silesai	niilesai
terminative III	—	—
additive I	sihepäi	niihepäi
additive II	silepäi	niilepäi

Derived termsEdit

• -se

ReferencesEdit

• Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

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VolapükEdit

PrepositionEdit

se

1. out of

---

WelshEdit

VerbEdit

se

1. (colloquial) Contraction of basai.

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West FrisianEdit

PronounEdit

se

1. she
2. they

SynonymsEdit

• hja
• sy

---

ZazakiEdit

AdverbEdit

se

1. what

NounEdit

se

1. dative singular of is

ConjunctionEdit

se

1. if