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se

See also: σε and Appendix:Variations of "se"

Contents

TranslingualEdit

AbbreviationEdit

se

  1. (ISO country codes) Sweden

EnglishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Mandarin 瑟 (sè).

PronunciationEdit

  This entry needs pronunciation information. If you are familiar with enPR or the IPA then please add some!

NounEdit

se (plural ses)

  1. (music) A type of ancient Chinese plucked zither.

TranslationsEdit

AnagramsEdit

AfrikaansEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • s'n (used without a following noun)
  • syn (obsolete)

EtymologyEdit

From Dutch zijn (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.

PronunciationEdit

ParticleEdit

se

  1. follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
    Dis my ouma se huis.
    This is my grandmother’s house.

AlbanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- 'how, what'. Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. that as, when
    Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.
    It seems to me that you need some new friends.
    Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.
    My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.

Related termsEdit

BonanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Mongolic *usun.

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

se

  1. water

ReferencesEdit

  • Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) (November 1994), “Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan”, in (Please provide the title of the work)‎[1], Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
  • Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os

BretonEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. that, this
    Petra eo se? ― What's that?

CatalanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

PronounEdit

se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')

  1. himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
  2. oneself (direct or indirect object)
  3. themselves (direct or indirect object)
  4. each other (direct or indirect object)

Usage notesEdit

The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.

DeclensionEdit

Catalan personal pronouns and clitics
strong/subject weak (direct object) weak (indirect object) possessive
singular proclitic enclitic proclitic enclitic
1st person jo, mi3 em, m’ -me, ’m em, m’ -me, ’m meu
1st person majestic1 nós ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person tu et, t’ -te, ’t et, t’ -te, ’t teu
2nd person formal1 vós us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person very formal2 vostè el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person masculine ell el, l’ -lo, ’l li -li seu
3rd person feminine ella la, l’4 -la li -li seu
3rd person neuter ho -ho li -li seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
plural
1st person nosaltres ens -nos, ’ns ens -nos, ’ns nostre
2nd person vosaltres us -vos, -us us -vos, -us vostre
2nd person formal2 vostès els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person masculine ells els -los, ’ls els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person feminine elles les -les els -los, ’ls seu
3rd person reflexive si es, s’ -se, ’s es, s’ -se, ’s seu
adverbial
ablative/genitive en, n’ -ne, ’n
locative hi -hi
1) Behaves grammatically as plural.
2) Behaves grammatically as third person. 		3) Only as object of a preposition.
4) Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-.

CzechEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /sɛ/
  • audio
    		(file)

PronounEdit

se (reflexive pronoun)

  1. (accusative) oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun sebe)
    myself
    yourself
    himself
    herself
    itself
    ourselves
    yourselves
    themselves

DeclensionEdit

Declension
singular
nominative —
genitive sebe
dative sobě, si
accusative sebe, se
vocative —
locative sobě
instrumental sebou

SynonymsEdit

Related termsEdit

PrepositionEdit

se (also s)

  1. with

DalmatianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē.

PronounEdit

se

  1. (reflexive) oneself

DanishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)

  1. To see.

ConjugationEdit

Inflection of se
imperative se infinitive se
present tense ser past tense så
auxiliary verb have past participle set
perfect tense har set pluperfect tense havde set
present participle seende gerund seen
passive ses passive past sås

DimasaEdit

NumeralEdit

sé

  1. one

EsperantoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Italian se, influenced by French si, Spanish si, and Latin sī.

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if

EweEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

se (plural sewo)

  1. law

FalaEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.

PronounEdit

se

  1. used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
      Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
      We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
  2. reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
    • 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala, Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
      Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
      They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.

SynonymsEdit

  • (reflexive): -si

FaroeseEdit

PronunciationEdit

NounEdit

se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of se
n4 singular plural
indefinite definite indefinite definite
nominative se seið se seini
accusative se seið se seini
dative se, sei senum seum seunum
genitive ses sesins sea seanna

FinnishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic, from Proto-Uralic *śe.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /ˈse/, [ˈs̠e̞]
  • Hyphenation: se
  • Rhymes: -e

PronounEdit

se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)

  1. (demonstrative, including in Kven) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that
  2. (colloquial and dialectal, Kven) he, she
  3. (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below)

Usage notesEdit

  • Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
(standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
The man came to me.
(standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
A man came to me.

InflectionEdit

Irregular.

Declension of se
noun case singular pluraladverbial
form		 singular plural
nominative se nesuperessive siellä –
genitive sen niiden, niittendelative sieltä –
partitive sitä niitäsublative sinne –
accusative se, sen nelative siis –
inessive siinä niissätemporal silloin –
elative siitä niistäcausative siten –
illative siihen niihinmultiplicative – –
adessive sillä niillädistributive – –
ablative siltä niiltätemp. dist. – –
allative sille niilleprolative – –
essive sinä niinäsituative – –
translative siksi niiksioppositive – –
instructive – (niin)
abessive – (niittä)
comitative – niine

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

See alsoEdit

AnagramsEdit

FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). See also soi.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

se m, f (pre-vocalic s')

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
    1. (to) himself
    2. (to) herself
    3. (to) oneself
    4. (to) itself
    5. (to) themselves
    6. (to) each other

Usage notesEdit

  • Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
  • Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
    Il est normal de se parler. ― It is normal to talk to oneself.

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

French personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative
(subject) 		Reflexive Accusative
(direct complement) 		Dative
(indirect complement) 		Locative
(at) 		Genitive
(of) 		Disjunctive
(tonic)
Singular First — je, j’ me, m’ — — moi
Second — tu te, t’ — — toi
Third Masculine il se, s’ le, l’ lui y en lui, soi
Feminine elle la, l’ elle, soi
— on — — — — soi
Plural First — nous nous — — nous
Second — vous vous — — vous
Third Masculine ils se, s’ les leur y en eux, soi
Feminine elles elles, soi

See alsoEdit

  • The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
  • The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.

Further readingEdit

AnagramsEdit

GalicianEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin sī.

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if

Etymology 2Edit

See the etymology of the main entry.

PronounEdit

se

  1. inflection of si:
    1. accusative
    2. dative

German Low GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

PronunciationEdit

  • IPA(key): /zeː/, /seː/, /zɛɪ/, /sɛɪ/

PronounEdit

se

  1. she
    Se is Anke.
    She is Anke (Annie).

PronounEdit

se

  1. they
    Se kaamt ut Bremen.
    They come from Bremen.
    • 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
      Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
      5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an.   6 zu ihnen kamen.

Haitian CreoleEdit

EtymologyEdit

From French c'est (“it is”)

VerbEdit

se

  1. to be
  2. that is (compare French c'est)
  3. it is (compare French c'est)

Usage notesEdit

ReferencesEdit

HungarianEdit

IdoEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Esperanto se.

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if
    La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.
    Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. ― If I could, I would buy another house.

NounEdit

se (plural se-i)

  1. The name of the Latin script letter S/s.

See alsoEdit

IngrianEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. it

InterlinguaEdit

PronounEdit

se (third person)

  1. Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
    Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
  2. Reciprocal: each other, one another.
    Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
  3. Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
    De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen.
    (Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
  4. Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
    espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")

Usage notesEdit

  • (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
    infiltrar se — “to infiltrate”
    repentir se — “to repent”

IstriotEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sī.

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if
    • 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
      Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere,
      Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys,

ItalianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Late Latin se, from Latin sī[1], from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if
    Se non è vero, è ben trovato.
    If it is not true, it is a good story.
  2. whether
  3. if only
Derived termsEdit

Etymology 2Edit

PronounEdit

se

  1. Alternative form of si
  2. Alternative form of sé
Usage notesEdit
  • Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
  • Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.
See alsoEdit
Italian personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Reflexive Accusative Dative Locative Genitive Disjunctive
Singular first — io mi, m' — me
second — tu ti, t' te
third m lui si,2 s' lo, l' gli ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n' lui, sé
f 1 lei, Lei la, l', La le,3 Le lei, Lei, sé
Plural first — noi ci, c' — noi
second — voi vi, v' voi
third m loro, Loro si, s' li gli, loro (formal),
Loro 		ci, c',
vi, v' (formal) 		ne, n' loro, Loro, sé
f 1 le
1 The feminine gender forms are also used as formal terms of address, sometimes capitalised as Lei, Loro etc. to distinguish them.
2 Also used as indefinite pronoun meaning “one”, and to form the passive.
3 In informal speech sometimes replaced with gli (nonstandard).

ReferencesEdit

  1. ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951

JapaneseEdit

RomanizationEdit

se

  1. Rōmaji transcription of せ
  2. Rōmaji transcription of セ

KalashaEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.

PronounEdit

se

  1. he/she/it (absent from speaker) (3rd-person personal pronoun)

Coordinate termsEdit

See alsoEdit

Kalasha personal pronouns
singular plural
1st person a ábi
2nd person tu ábi
3rd person (near) ía émi
3rd person (far) ása éḷi
3rd person (absent) se te

KarelianEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. it

KurdishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Old Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ‎ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁‎ (spā), Pashto سپۍ‎ (spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.

NounEdit

se ?

  1. (Kurmanji) dog

LadinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē.

PronounEdit

se

  1. (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
  2. (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.

LatinEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sē

  1. the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves
    Sē amat.
    He loves himself.
    Necessario sē aperiunt.
    They were forced to open themselves.
    In marī sē praecipitāvit.
    He drowned himself in the sea.
  2. the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves

Usage notesEdit

  • There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).

InflectionEdit

Personal pronoun declension.

Singular First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative ego/egō tū —
genitive meī tuī suī
dative mihi/mihī, mī tibi sibi
accusative mē tē sē, sēsē
ablative mē tē sē, sēsē
vocative egō tū —
possessive meus tuus suus
Plural First-person Second-person Reflexive
nominative nōs vōs —
genitive nostrī, nostrum vestrī, vestrum suī
dative nōbīs vōbīs sibi
accusative nōs vōs sē, sēsē
ablative nōbīs vōbīs sē, sēsē
vocative nōs vōs —
possessive noster vester, voster suus

Derived termsEdit

DescendantsEdit

  • Aromanian: se
  • Catalan: se
  • Dalmatian: se
  • French: se, soi
  • Galician: se
  • Italian: sé
  • Ladin: se
  • Occitan: se
  • Portuguese: se
  • Romanian: se, sine
  • Sicilian: si
  • Spanish: se

See alsoEdit

Latin personal pronouns
Number Person Gender Nominative Genitive Dative Accusative Ablative Possessive
Singular First — ego meī mihi mē meus, -a, -um
Second — tū tuī tibi tē tuus, -a, -um
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine is eius eī eum eō eius
Feminine ea eam eā
Neuter id id eō
Plural First — nōs nostrī, nostrum nōbīs nōs nōbīs noster, -tra, -trum
Second — vōs vestrī, vestrum vōbīs vōs vōbīs vester, -tra, -trum
Reflexive third — — suī sibi sē, sēsē suus, -a, -um
Third Masculine eī, iī eōrum eīs eōs eīs eōrum
Feminine eae eārum eās eārum
Neuter ea eōrum ea eōrum

LigurianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).

PronunciationEdit

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if

LivonianEdit

EtymologyEdit

Akin to Finnish se.

PronounEdit

se

  1. that
  2. he

Lower SorbianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
  2. each other, one another
  3. used to form passives

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.

LuxembourgishEdit

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. unstressed form of si

DeclensionEdit

Luxembourgish personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative reflexive
str. unstr. str. unstr. str. unstr.
1st person singular ech — mech — mir mer mech
2nd person singular
(informal) 		du de dech — dir der dech
2nd person singular
(formal) 		Dir — Iech — Iech — Iech
3rd person singular (m) hien en en — him em sech
3rd person singular (f) si / hatt se / et si / hatt se / et hir / him — / em sech
3rd person singular (n) et 't et 't him em sech
1st person plural mir mer eis / ons — eis / ons — eis / ons
2nd person plural dir der iech — iech — iech
3rd person plural si — si — hinnen – sech

MalayEdit

Malay cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : se

Alternative formsEdit

EtymologyEdit

Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

se (Jawi spelling س)

  1. (cardinal) one

SynonymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

MalteseEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Arabic سَ‎ (sa-, “future particle”), an archaism in Maltese vis-à-vis most other varieties of modern Arabic.

ParticleEdit

se

  1. Indicates a future tense.

MandarinEdit

RomanizationEdit

se

  1. Nonstandard spelling of sè.

Usage notesEdit

  • English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.

Middle DutchEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. accusative of si (“they”)

Middle EnglishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.

AdverbEdit

se

  1. so

Etymology 2Edit

From Old English sǣ.

NounEdit

se

  1. Alternative form of see (“sea”)
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 3Edit

From Old French sei.

NounEdit

se

  1. Alternative form of see (“see”)
DescendantsEdit

Etymology 4Edit

PronounEdit

se

  1. Alternative form of sche

ReferencesEdit

Middle FrenchEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old French se, from Latin sē.

PronounEdit

se

  1. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
    1. himself
    2. herself
    3. oneself
    4. itself
    5. themselves
    6. each other
  2. The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
    1. to himself
    2. to herself
    3. to oneself
    4. to itself
    5. to themselves
    6. to each other
      ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)

Usage notesEdit

  • Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
  • Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.

DescendantsEdit

  • French: se

Middle Low GermanEdit

EtymologyEdit

Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

sê

  1. (third person singular female nominative) she
  2. her (accusative of sê)
  3. (third person plural nominative) they
  4. them (accusative of sê)

DeclensionEdit

Middle Low German personal pronouns
nominative accusative dative genitive
1st person singular ik (ek) mî (mê, mik, mek) mîn (mîner)
2nd person singular dû dî (dê, dik, dek) dîn (dîner)
3rd person singular
m hê (hî, hie) ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) ēme, em (ȫme, en) sîn (sîner)
n it (et)
f sê (sî, sie, sü̂) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)
1st person plural wî (wê, wie) uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) unser (ûser)
2nd person plural gî (jê, î) jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) jûwer (ûwer)
3rd person plural sê (sî, sie) em, öm, jüm (en) ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer)

For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here.


NeapolitanEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.

Norwegian BokmålEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)

  1. to see (perceive with the eyes).

Derived termsEdit

Terms derived from se

See alsoEdit

ReferencesEdit

NovialEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. (reflexive) himself; herself; itself; themselves

Usage notesEdit

  • Used only for the third person.

Old EnglishEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • þe (later form for se), þēo (alternative form for sēo)

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

se m (definite)

  1. the
    se mōna.
    the moon.

DeterminerEdit

sē

  1. that (masculine singular form)
    Þone rǣd ġerǣdde Wīdsīþ.
    Widsith gave that advice.

PronounEdit

sē m (demonstrative pronoun)

  1. that, he (masculine singular form)
    Þā ne sacaþ.
    They do not quarrel.

Usage notesEdit

  • (that, he): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of se
Singular Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative se sēo þæt
Accusative þone þā þæt
Genitive þæs þǣre þæs
Dative þǣm, þām þǣre þǣm, þām
Instrumental þȳ, þī, þon þǣre þȳ, þī, þon
Plural
Nominative þā
Accusative þā
Genitive þāra, þǣra
Dative þǣm, þām
Instrumental þǣm, þām

See alsoEdit

Old FrenchEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.

Alternative formsEdit

PronounEdit

se m, f (invariable)

  1. himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  2. herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  3. itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  4. oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
  5. themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
DescendantsEdit
  • French: se

Etymology 2Edit

From Latin si.

ConjunctionEdit

se

  1. if
  2. then (afterwards; following)
DescendantsEdit
  • French: si

Old FrisianEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. she
  2. they

Old IrishEdit

DeterminerEdit

se

  1. Alternative spelling of so

Old SaxonEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Germanic *sa.

PronunciationEdit

ArticleEdit

sē m (demonstrative)

  1. definite article: the
    sē māno ― the moon
  2. demonstrative adjective: that, those
    Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.

DeclensionEdit

Declension of sē
Singular Plural
Masculine Neuter Feminine
nominative sē that sīu thē
accusative than that thē thē
genitive thēs thēs thēra thēra
dative thēm thēm thēra thēm
instrumental thiu, thia, thuo, thuru


See alsoEdit

PilagáEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. I
    se-take ― I want

ReferencesEdit

  • 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages

PipilEdit

Pipil cardinal numbers
 <  0 1 2  > 
    Cardinal : sē
    Ordinal : achtu
    Adverbial : seujti
    Distributive : sejsē ika

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).

PronunciationEdit

NumeralEdit

sē

  1. one
    Nikneki semaya se
    I want only one

ArticleEdit

sē

  1. a, indefinite article
    Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
    We saw an owl in the trees

PronounEdit

sē

  1. someone, something, indefinite pronoun
    Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
    Someone came who said she/he knows you
    Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
    One of you has to go to buy the food
    Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
    My mom gave me something for you all

PortugueseEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

PronounEdit

se m, f

  2. third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
    Ela se viu no espelho.
    She saw herself in the mirror.
  4. third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
    Quando eles se conheceram?
    When did they meet (each other)?
  6. second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
    E você se diz um professor!
    And you call yourself a teacher!
  8. forms the passive voice; be; get
    espantar ― to frighten
    espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
    Da minha casa se vê o mar.
    The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
  10. impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
    Vive-se bem em Belém.
    One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notesEdit
  • When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
  • (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
    comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
    arrepender-se ― to repent
  • Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
    O professor acalmou os alunos.
    The teacher calmed the students down.
    O professor acalmou-se.
    The teacher calmed down.
QuotationsEdit

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.

See alsoEdit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit)
Number Person Nominative
(subject) 		Accusative
(direct object) 		Dative
(indirect object) 		Prepositional Prepositional
with com 		Non-declining
m f m f m and f m f m f m f
Singular First eu me mim comigo
Second tu te ti contigo você
o senhor a senhora
Third ele ela o
(lo, no) 		a
(la, na) 		lhe ele ela com ele com ela o mesmo a mesma
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Plural First nós nos nós connosco (Portugal)
conosco (Brazil) 		a gente
Second vós vos vós convosco vocês
os senhores as senhoras
Third eles elas os
(los, nos) 		as
(las, nas) 		lhes eles elas com eles com elas os mesmos as mesmas
se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)
Indefinite se (reflexive) si (reflexive) consigo (reflexive)

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).

Alternative formsEdit

  • si (eye dialect)

ConjunctionEdit

se

  2. if (introduces a condition)
    • 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
      Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
      I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
    Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
    If you go out, take an umbrella.
    Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
    We will only begin if they pay us.
QuotationsEdit

For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.

SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit

RomanianEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

PronunciationEdit

  • Rhymes: -e

PronounEdit

se

  1. (reflexive pronoun) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves

Related termsEdit

RomanschEdit

Alternative formsEdit

  • (Rumantsch Grischun, Sursilvan) si
  • (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) sen
  • (Puter, Vallader) sü

EtymologyEdit

  This entry lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

AdverbEdit

se

  1. (Sutsilvan, Surmiran) up, upward, upwards

SamoanEdit

ArticleEdit

se

  1. a (singular indefinite article)

See alsoEdit

Serbo-CroatianEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronounEdit

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
    1. myself
    2. yourself
    3. himself
    4. herself
    5. itself
    6. ourselves
    7. yourselves
    8. themselves
DeclensionEdit
Declension of se
singular plural
nominative — —
genitive sȅbe, se sȅbe
dative sȅbi, si sȅbi
accusative sȅbe, se sȅbe
vocative — —
locative sȅbi sȅbi
instrumental sȍbōm sȍbom

Etymology 2Edit

From Proto-Slavic *sь.

ParticleEdit

se (Cyrillic spelling се)

  1. (obsolete) this is; here is
    • 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
      се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
      Here lies Viganj Milošević.

SloveneEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Slavic *sę.

PronunciationEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
  2. ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of se (irregular, suppletive)
singular
1st person 2nd person reflexive
nominative jàz tí —
accusative méne, me tébe, te sébe, se
genitive méne, me tébe, te sébe, se
dative méni, mi tébi, ti sébi, si
locative méni tébi sébi
instrumental menój, máno tebój, tábo sebój, sábo
possessive mój tvój svój
dual
1st person 2nd person reflexive
nominative mídva m, médve/mídve f, n vídva m, védve/vídve f, n —
accusative náju váju sébe, se
genitive náju váju sébe, se
dative náma váma sébi, si
locative náju váju sébi
instrumental náma váma sebój, sábo
possessive nájin vájin svój
plural
1st person 2nd person reflexive
nominative mí m, mé f, n ví m, vé f, n —
accusative nàs vàs sébe, se
genitive nàs vàs sébe, se
dative nàm vàm sébi, si
locative nàs vàs sébi
instrumental nàmi vàmi sebój, sábo
possessive nàš vàš svój

SpanishEdit

PronunciationEdit

Etymology 1Edit

From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).

PronounEdit

se m, f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
  2. Used to form the passive voice in the third person; also used for usted and ustedes.
    ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” [formal] (Literally, “How are you called?”)
  3. Used to form impersonal sentences.
    Se dice que... — “It is said that...”
Usage notesEdit
  • (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
  • (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:
    Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.

Etymology 2Edit

From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).

Alternative formsEdit

  • ge (archaic)

PronounEdit

se m, f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)

  1. Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
    El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”

See alsoEdit

Spanish personal pronouns
nominative dative accusative disjunctive
first person singular yo me mí1
plural masculine2 nosotros nos nosotros
feminine nosotras nosotras
second person singular tuteo tú te ti1
voseo vos vos
formal3 usted le, se4 lo/la5 usted
plural familiar6 masculine2 vosotros os vosotros
feminine vosotras vosotras
formal/general3 ustedes les, se4 los/las5 ustedes
third person singular masculine2 él le, se4 lo él
feminine ella la ella
neuter ello7 lo/la5 ello
plural masculine2 ellos les, se4 los ellos
feminine ellas las ellas
reflexive — se sí1
  1. Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
  2. Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
  3. Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
  4. If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
  5. Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
  6. Used primarily in Spain
  7. Used only in rare circumstances

Etymology 3Edit

VerbEdit

se (main verb saber)

  1. Misspelling of sé.

Further readingEdit

Sranan TongoEdit

EtymologyEdit

Borrowed from Dutch zee.

NounEdit

se

  1. sea

SwedishEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.

PronunciationEdit

VerbEdit

se

  1. to see; use one's sight
    • 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
      Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
      Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!
    • 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
      Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
      What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
  2. to see; to understand
    Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.
    I don't see how that could be possible.
  3. to see; to form a mental picture of

ConjugationEdit

Conjugation of se (class 5 strong)
Active Passive
Infinitive se ses
Present tense ser ses
Past tense såg sågs
Supine sett setts
Imperative se —
Present participle seende
Past participle sedd

SynonymsEdit

use one's sight
understand

HypernymsEdit

Derived termsEdit

Related termsEdit

See alsoEdit

TarantinoEdit

PronounEdit

se (impersonal, reflexive)

  1. it
  2. one

Tocharian AEdit

TurkishEdit

NounEdit

se

  1. The name of the Latin-script letter S/s.

TuvaluanEdit

ArticleEdit

se (indefinite article)

  1. a, an

VepsEdit

EtymologyEdit

From Proto-Finnic *se.

DeterminerEdit

se

  1. it
  2. that (far)

InflectionEdit

Inflection of se
nominative sing. se
genitive sing. sen
partitive sing. sidä
partitive plur. niid
singular plural
nominative se ne
ned
accusative sen ne
ned
genitive sen niiden
partitive sidä niid
essive-instructive sen —
translative sikš niikš
inessive siš niiš
elative sišpäi niišpäi
illative sihe niihe
adessive sil niil
ablative silpäi niilpäi
allative sile niile
abessive sita niita
comitative senke niidenke
prolative sidäme niidme
approximative I senno niidenno
approximative II sennoks niidennoks
egressive sennopäi niidennopäi
terminative I sihesai niihesai
terminative II silesai niilesai
terminative III — —
additive I sihepäi niihepäi
additive II silepäi niilepäi

Derived termsEdit

ReferencesEdit

  • Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika

VolapükEdit

PrepositionEdit

se

  1. out of

WelshEdit

VerbEdit

se

  1. (colloquial) Contraction of basai.

West FrisianEdit

PronounEdit

se

  1. she
  2. they

SynonymsEdit

ZazakiEdit

EtymologyEdit

Related to Persian صد‎ (sad).

AdverbEdit

se

  1. what

NounEdit

se

  1. dative singular of is

NumeralEdit

se

  1. hundred
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