se
Contents
TranslingualEdit
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
se (plural ses)
TranslationsEdit
AnagramsEdit
AbinomnEdit
AfrikaansEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Dutch zijn (“his, its”). An Afrikaans innovation is the use of se regardless of the number or gender of the possessor, which may be due to a merger with the Dutch genitive suffix -s.
PronunciationEdit
ParticleEdit
se
- follows a noun to indicate that this noun possesses that which follows, much like English 's
- Dis my ouma se huis.
- This is my grandmother’s house.
AlbanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Albanian *tśe(i), *tśi from Proto-Indo-European *kwe-, *kw(e)i- 'how, what'. Interrogative and relative pronoun, especially in connection with a preposition.
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
se
- that as, when
- Më duket se ke nevojë për disa shokë të rinj.
- It seems to me that you need some new friends.
- Im vëlla më tha se don të bisedojë me ty rreth librit të ri.
- My brother told me that he wants to talk to you about the new book.
Related termsEdit
BonanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Mongolic *usun.
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
se
ReferencesEdit
- Üjiyediin Chuluu (Chaolu Wu) (November 1994), “Introduction, Grammar, and Sample Sentences for Baoan”, in (Please provide the title of the work)[1], Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Henry G. Schwarz, The Minorities of Northern China: A Survey (1984), page 140: 'water' Daur os
BretonEdit
CatalanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
PronounEdit
se (enclitic, contracted 's, proclitic es, contracted proclitic s')
- himself, herself, itself (direct or indirect object)
- oneself (direct or indirect object)
- themselves (direct or indirect object)
- each other (direct or indirect object)
Usage notesEdit
The use of se and other direct personal pronouns can indicate the passive in Catalan.
DeclensionEdit
CzechEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se (reflexive pronoun)
DeclensionEdit
SynonymsEdit
Related termsEdit
PrepositionEdit
se (also s)
DalmatianEdit
DanishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Danish se, from Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
se (imperative se, infinitive at se, present tense ser, past tense så, perfect tense har set)
- To see.
ConjugationEdit
DimasaEdit
EsperantoEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Italian se, influenced by French si, Spanish si, and Latin sī.
ConjunctionEdit
se
EweEdit
FalaEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Portuguese se, sse, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *se-.
PronounEdit
se
- used for passive constructions with transitive verbs and undetermined agent (equivalent to one)
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala (in Fala), Editora regional da Extremadura, Theme II, Chapter 2: Recunquista:
- Non poemos analizar con pormenoris estis siglos, pero tampoco se debi toleral que, sin fundamentus, se poña en duda algo que a Historia documentá nos lega sobre nossa terra.
- We can’t thoroughly analyse these centuries, but one mustn’t tolerate that, unfoundedly, something documented history tells us about our land be questioned.
- reflexive and reciprocal: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, yourself; each other, one another
- 2000, Domingo Frades Gaspar, Vamus a falal: Notas pâ coñocel y platical en nosa fala (in Fala), Editora regional da Extremadura, Anexu: A Porcá:
- Cumían algu de herba por camiñus, se bañaban i os devulvían a casa por as tardis.
- They ate some pasture along the way, bathed themselves and were returned to their home in the afternoon.
SynonymsEdit
- (reflexive): -si
FaroeseEdit
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
se n (genitive singular ses, plural se)
- The name of the Latin-script letter C/c.
DeclensionEdit
Declension of se | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
n4 | singular | plural | ||
indefinite | definite | indefinite | definite | |
nominative | se | seið | se | seini |
accusative | se | seið | se | seini |
dative | se, sei | senum | seum | seunum |
genitive | ses | sesins | sea | seanna |
FinnishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *se, from Proto-Uralic *śe.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se (stem se-, also si-, and sii-, see below)
- (demonstrative, including in Kven) it; (when the speaker does not point at the thing) that
- (colloquial and dialectal, Kven) he, she
- (colloquial) the (see the usage notes below)
Usage notesEdit
- Due to the influence of Germanic languages, and nowadays especially to that of English, se may often be used as a kind of definite article in colloquial Finnish, though in standard Finnish it is ungrammatical, where word order expresses whether something is definite or indefinite. (Compare the usage of yksi.)
- (standard) Mies tuli luokseni. → (colloquial) Se mies tuli mun luokse.
- The man came to me.
- (standard) Luokseni tuli mies. → (colloquial) Yks mies tuli mun luokse.
- A man came to me.
InflectionEdit
Irregular.
Declension of se
|
SynonymsEdit
- (he or she): hän
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
DeterminerEdit
se
- that (not pointed at by the speaker)
AnagramsEdit
FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle French se, from Old French se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun). See also soi.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se m, f (pre-vocalic s')
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronoun.
- (to) himself
- (to) herself
- (to) oneself
- (to) itself
- (to) themselves
- (to) each other
Usage notesEdit
- Se becomes s' before a vowel or unaspirated h, and sometimes, in nonstandard writing, in other cases where the e would be silent, e.g. in lyrics.
- Se is often used with an actual subject, but it is also very often used with an abstract subject:
- Il est normal de se parler. ― It is normal to talk to oneself.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative (subject) |
Reflexive | Accusative (direct complement) |
Dative (indirect complement) |
Locative (at) |
Genitive (of) |
Disjunctive (tonic) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | je, j’ | me, m’ | — | — | moi | ||
Second | — | tu | te, t’ | — | — | toi | |||
Third | Masculine | il | se, s’ | le, l’ | lui | y | en | lui, soi | |
Feminine | elle | la, l’ | elle, soi | ||||||
— | on | — | — | — | — | soi | |||
Plural | First | — | nous | nous | — | — | nous | ||
Second | — | vous | vous | — | — | vous | |||
Third | Masculine | ils | se, s’ | les | leur | y | en | eux, soi | |
Feminine | elles | elles, soi |
See alsoEdit
- The other reflexive and reciprocal direct and indirect object pronouns: me, m', te, t', nous, vous.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal disjunctive pronoun: soi.
Further readingEdit
- “se” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
AnagramsEdit
GalicianEdit
Etymology 1Edit
ConjunctionEdit
se
Etymology 2Edit
See the etymology of the main entry.
PronounEdit
se
- inflection of si:
German Low GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Middle Low German sê, variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se
- she
- Se is Anke.
- She is Anke (Annie).
PronounEdit
se
- they
- Se kaamt ut Bremen.
- They come from Bremen.
- 1861, G. Ungt, Twee Geschichten in Mönstersk Platt. Ollmanns Jans in de Friümde un Ollmanns Jans up de Reise, page 163:
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
- 5 gaben – gaben sich an – strengten sich an. 6 zu ihnen kamen.
- Dao gävven5 sick de Beiden dann auk an, datt se wier by ähr keimen.6
Haitian CreoleEdit
EtymologyEdit
VerbEdit
se
Usage notesEdit
- Use ye at the end of a clause.
- This word does not appear when the predicate is an adjective or prepositional phrase, except when the preposition in the prepositional phrase is pou (“for”) or tankou (“like”).
ReferencesEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
se
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
(Compound words):
(Expressions):
See alsoEdit
IdoEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
se
- if
- La klerko komencus laborar se ilu povus. ― The clerk would begin to work if he could.
- Se me povus, me komprus altra domo. ― If I could, I would buy another house.
NounEdit
se (plural se-i)
- The name of the Latin script letter S/s.
See alsoEdit
- (Latin script letter names) litero; a, be, ce, che, de, e, fe, ge, he, i, je, ke, le, me, ne, o, pe, que, re, se, she, te, u, ve, we, xe, ye, ze (Category: io:Latin letter names)
IngrianEdit
InterlinguaEdit
PronounEdit
se (third person)
- Reflexive: oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves.
- Illa se videva in le speculo. ― She saw herself in the mirror.
- Reciprocal: each other, one another.
- Quando illes se cognosceva? ― When did they meet (each other)?
- Used for passive constructions with undetermined agent (translated by "one").
- De mi casa se vide le mar. ― From my house the sea is seen.(Literally, “...the sea sees itself.”)
- Hence, used for expressions of the type "to get/become ...-ed".
- espaventar — “to frighten”; espaventar se = "to get frightened" (lit., "to frighten oneself")
Usage notesEdit
- (reflexive, reciprocal, oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves, each other, one another): Many verbs bear a reflexive pronoun by default. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc., according to the subject.
IstriotEdit
EtymologyEdit
ConjunctionEdit
se
- if
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
- Biela, se ti vedissi li galiere,
- Beautiful one, if you saw the galleys,
- 1877, Antonio Ive, Canti popolari istriani: raccolti a Rovigno, volume 5, Ermanno Loescher, page 99:
ItalianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Late Latin se, from Latin sī[1], from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
ConjunctionEdit
se
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
PronounEdit
se
Usage notesEdit
- Used especially when combined with verbs or other pronouns.
- Becomes si when used as part of a reflexive verb.
See alsoEdit
Free Pronouns | Clitic Personal Pronouns | Adverbial Clitic Pronouns | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | Plural | Singular | Plural | Place at/to Which | ci, (formal:) vi | |||
1st Person | Nominative | io | noi | Dative | mi | ci | Place from Which | ne |
Oblique | me | Accusative | ||||||
2nd Person | Nominative | tu | voi | Dative | ti | vi | ||
Oblique | te | Accusative | ||||||
3rd Person | Nominative | lui m, lei f | loro | Dative | gli, le f | gli | ||
Oblique | Accusative | lo m, la f | li m, le f | |||||
Reflexive | sé | Reflexive | si |
ReferencesEdit
- ^ Angelo Prati, "Vocabolario Etimologico Italiano", Torino, 1951
JapaneseEdit
KalashaEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Sanskrit स (sa), सा (sā), from Proto-Indo-European *só.
PronounEdit
se
Coordinate termsEdit
See alsoEdit
KarelianEdit
KurdishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- seg (Sorani)
EtymologyEdit
From West Iranian *spaka "dog-like, relating to dogs" (compare Old Median σπάκα (“dog”), Persian سگ (sag), and Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”), a borrowing from Median), from Proto-Iranian [Term?] (compare Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬁 (spā), Pashto سپۍ (spəy)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian [Term?] (compare Sanskrit श्वन् (śvā́)), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ.
NounEdit
se ?
- (Kurmanji) dog
LadinEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronounEdit
se
- (indefinite) one, you, we, they, people. Note: often translated using the passive voice in English.
- (reflexive) oneself, himself, herself, itself, themselves; (reciprocal) each other, one another. Note: With some verbs, si is not translated in English.
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
sē
- the accusative of the reflexive pronoun meaning himself, herself, itself, themselves
- Sē amat.
- He loves himself.
- Necessario sē aperiunt.
- They were forced to open themselves.
- In marī sē praecipitāvit.
- He drowned himself in the sea.
- the ablative of the reflexive pronoun meaning by himself, by herself, by itself, by themselves
Usage notesEdit
- There is little distinction made between the accusative forms sē and sēsē as the two forms are used indifferently, except that sēsē is preferred where emphasis is intended (especially in reference to a preceding ipse, or at the beginning or the end of a clause).
InflectionEdit
Personal pronoun declension.
Singular | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
---|---|---|---|
nominative | ego/egō | tū | — |
genitive | meī | tuī | suī |
dative | mihi/mihī, mī | tibi | sibi |
accusative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
ablative | mē | tē | sē, sēsē |
vocative | egō | tū | — |
possessive | meus | tuus | suus |
Plural | First-person | Second-person | Reflexive |
nominative | nōs | vōs | — |
genitive | nostrī, nostrum | vestrī, vestrum | suī |
dative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sibi |
accusative | nōs | vōs | sē, sēsē |
ablative | nōbīs | vōbīs | sē, sēsē |
vocative | nōs | vōs | — |
possessive | noster | vester, voster | suus |
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
See alsoEdit
Number | Person | Gender | Nominative | Genitive | Dative | Accusative | Ablative | Possessive |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Singular | First | — | ego | meī | mihi | mē | meus, -a, -um | |
Second | — | tū | tuī | tibi | tē | tuus, -a, -um | ||
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | is | eius | eī | eum | eō | eius | |
Feminine | ea | eam | eā | |||||
Neuter | id | id | eō | |||||
Plural | First | — | nōs | nostrī, nostrum | nōbīs | nōs | nōbīs | noster, -tra, -trum |
Second | — | vōs | vestrī, vestrum | vōbīs | vōs | vōbīs | vester, -tra, -trum | |
Reflexive third | — | — | suī | sibi | sē, sēsē | suus, -a, -um | ||
Third | Masculine | eī, iī | eōrum | eīs | eōs | eīs | eōrum | |
Feminine | eae | eārum | eās | eārum | ||||
Neuter | ea | eōrum | ea | eōrum |
LigurianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Late Latin se(d), from Latin sī (“if”) + quid (“what”).
PronunciationEdit
ConjunctionEdit
se
LivonianEdit
Lower SorbianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se
- myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves, oneself
- each other, one another
- used to form passives
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- se in Manfred Starosta (1999): Dolnoserbsko-nimski słownik / Niedersorbisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Bautzen: Domowina-Verlag.
LuxembourgishEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se
- unstressed form of si
DeclensionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | reflexive | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | str. | unstr. | |||
1st person singular | ech | — | mech | — | mir | mer | like dat. and acc. | |
2nd person singular (informal) |
du | de | dech | — | dir | der | like dat. and acc. | |
2nd person singular (formal) |
Dir | Der | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | Iech [əɕ] | Iech | |
3rd person singular (m) | hien | en | hien | en | him | em | sech | |
3rd person singular (f) | si | se | si | se | hir | er | sech | |
3rd person singular (n) | hatt | et ('t) | hatt | et ('t) | him | em | sech | |
1st person plural | mir | mer | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | — | eis (ons) | |
2nd person plural | dir | der | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | iech [əɕ] | iech | |
3rd person plural | si | se | si | se | hinnen | en | sech |
MalayEdit
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : se | ||
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Shortened form of esa, from Proto-Malayic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Chamic *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan *əsa, from Proto-Sunda-Sulawesi *əsa, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *əsa, from Proto-Austronesian *əsa.
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
se (Jawi spelling س)
SynonymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
MalteseEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Arabic سَ (sa-, “future particle”), an archaism in Maltese vis-à-vis most other varieties of modern Arabic.
ParticleEdit
se
- Indicates a future tense.
MandarinEdit
RomanizationEdit
se
- Nonstandard spelling of sè.
Usage notesEdit
- English transcriptions of Mandarin speech often fail to distinguish between the critical tonal differences employed in the Mandarin language, using words such as this one without the appropriate indication of tone.
Middle DutchEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Old English swē, swǣ, variants of swā (“so”). More at so.
AdverbEdit
se
Etymology 2Edit
From Old English sǣ.
NounEdit
se
- Alternative form of see (“sea”)
DescendantsEdit
- English: sea
Etymology 3Edit
From Old French sei.
NounEdit
se
- Alternative form of see (“see”)
DescendantsEdit
- English: see
Etymology 4Edit
PronounEdit
se
- Alternative form of sche
ReferencesEdit
- “she, (pron.)” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 9 May 2018.
Middle FrenchEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old French se, from Latin sē.
PronounEdit
se
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal direct object pronoun.
- The third-person reflexive and reciprocal indirect object pronoun.
- to himself
- to herself
- to oneself
- to itself
- to themselves
- to each other
- ils se donnerent bataille ― they gave each other battle (they gave battle to each other)
Usage notesEdit
- Whether to translate as himself, herself, oneself, itself, themselves or each other depends on the gender (male, female or none) and number (singular or plural).
- Usually becomes s' before a vowel. In older manuscripts, it becomes s- with no apostrophe.
DescendantsEdit
- French: se
Middle Low GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Variously from Old Saxon sia and Old Saxon siu, ultimately developed from forms of Proto-Germanic *hiz and possibly influenced by Proto-Germanic *sa.
PronunciationEdit
- Stem vowel: ê⁴
PronounEdit
sê
- (third person singular female nominative) she
- her (accusative of sê)
- (third person plural nominative) they
- them (accusative of sê)
DeclensionEdit
nominative | accusative | dative | genitive | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st person singular | ik (ek) | mî (mê, mik, mek) | mîn (mîner) | ||
2nd person singular | dû | dî (dê, dik, dek) | dîn (dîner) | ||
3rd person singular | |||||
m | hê (hî, hie) | ēne, en (ȫne, ȫn) | ēme, em (ȫme, en) | sîn (sîner) | |
n | it (et) | ||||
f | sê (sî, sie, sü̂) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | |||
1st person plural | wî (wê, wie) | uns (ûs, ös, ü̂sik) | unser (ûser) | ||
2nd person plural | gî (jê, î) | jû (jûwe, û, jük, gik) | jûwer (ûwer) | ||
3rd person plural | sê (sî, sie) | em, öm, jüm (en; ehnen, ohnen, öhnen) | ēre, ēr (ērer, ȫrer) | ||
For an explanation of the forms in brackets see here. |
NeapolitanEdit
EtymologyEdit
PronunciationEdit
PronounEdit
se
- reflexive third person pronoun: oneself, himself, itself, herself, themselves etc.
Norwegian BokmålEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Norse sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”).
PronunciationEdit
Audio (file)
VerbEdit
se (imperative se, present tense ser, passive ses or sees, simple past så, past participle sett, present participle seende)
- to see (perceive with the eyes).
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
- sjå (Nynorsk)
ReferencesEdit
- “se” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
NovialEdit
Old EnglishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *sa, from Proto-Indo-European *só.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
se m (definite)
- the
- se mōna.
- the moon.
DeterminerEdit
sē
- that (masculine singular form)
- Þone rǣd ġerǣdde Wīdsīþ.
- Widsith gave that advice.
PronounEdit
sē m (demonstrative pronoun)
Usage notesEdit
- (that, he): se is normally read as sē when used pronominally.
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
Old FrenchEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin sē (“himself, herself, itself”), accusative of reflexive pronoun.
Alternative formsEdit
PronounEdit
se m, f (invariable)
- himself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- herself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- itself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- oneself (reflexive direct and indirect third-person singular pronoun)
- themselves (reflexive direct and indirect third-person plural pronoun)
DescendantsEdit
- French: se
Etymology 2Edit
ConjunctionEdit
se
DescendantsEdit
- French: si
Old FrisianEdit
Old IrishEdit
Old SaxonEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Germanic *sa.
PronunciationEdit
ArticleEdit
sē m (demonstrative)
- definite article: the
- sē māno ― the moon
- demonstrative adjective: that, those
- Hē gaf thē gift. ― He gave that gift.
DeclensionEdit
See alsoEdit
PilagáEdit
PronounEdit
se
- I
- se-take ― I want
ReferencesEdit
- 2001, Alejandra Vidal, quoted in Subordination in Native South-American Languages
PipilEdit
< 0 | 1 | 2 > |
---|---|---|
Cardinal : sē Ordinal : achtu Adverbial : seujti Distributive : sejsē ika | ||
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *sɨmayV. Compare Classical Nahuatl ce (“one”). Cognate with Hopi suukya' (“one”), Shoshone seme' (“one”), Cahuilla súplli (“one”), and O'odham hema (“one”).
PronunciationEdit
NumeralEdit
sē
- one
- Nikneki semaya se
- I want only one
ArticleEdit
sē
- a, indefinite article
- Tikitat se tekulut tik ne kwajkwawit
- We saw an owl in the trees
PronounEdit
sē
- someone, something, indefinite pronoun
- Walajsik se ina ka metzishmati
- Someone came who said she/he knows you
- Se anmejemet nemi pal yawi pal kikua ne takwal
- One of you has to go to buy the food
- Ne nunan nechmakak se anmupal
- My mom gave me something for you all
PortugueseEdit
PronunciationEdit
- (Portugal) IPA(key): /sɨ/
- (Brazil) IPA(key): /si/
- (South Brazil) IPA(key): /se/
- Hyphenation: se
- Rhymes: -i
Etymology 1Edit
From Old Portuguese sse, se, from Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
PronounEdit
se m, f
- third-person singular and plural reflexive pronoun; himself; herself; itself; themself; themselves
- Ela se viu no espelho.
- She saw herself in the mirror.
- third-person singular and plural reciprocal pronoun; each other; one another
- Quando eles se conheceram?
- When did they meet (each other)?
- second-person singular and plural reflexive and reciprocal pronoun, when used with second-person pronouns other than tu and vós; yourself; yourselves
- E você se diz um professor!
- And you call yourself a teacher!
- forms the passive voice; be; get
- espantar ― to frighten
- espantar-se ― to get frightened (Literally, “to frighten oneself”)
- Da minha casa se vê o mar.
- The sea can be seen from my house. (Literally, "From my house oneself sees the sea.")
- impersonal reflexive pronoun; oneself
- Vive-se bem em Belém.
- One lives well in Belém. (Literally, *"∅ lives oneself well in Belém.")
Usage notesEdit
- When the verb precedes se, a hyphen must be used. In Portugal post-verb se is more common, while in Brazil it usually precedes the verb.
- (reflexive and reciprocal): Many verb senses take a reflexive pronoun by default; they are called pronominal verbs. Se must be replaced by me, te, etc. according to the subject.
- comunicar-se (com) ― to communicate (with)
- arrepender-se ― to repent
- Many ergative English verbs are translated by a bare verb for transitive usage and a pronominal one for intransitive:
- O professor acalmou os alunos.
- The teacher calmed the students down.
- O professor acalmou-se.
- The teacher calmed down.
QuotationsEdit
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.
See alsoEdit
Portuguese personal pronouns (edit) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number | Person | Nominative (subject) |
Accusative (direct object) |
Dative (indirect object) |
Prepositional | Prepositional with com |
Non-declining | ||||||
m | f | m | f | m and f | m | f | m | f | m | f | |||
Singular | First | eu | me | mim | comigo | ||||||||
Second | tu | te | ti | contigo | você | ||||||||
o senhor | a senhora | ||||||||||||
Third | ele | ela | o (lo, no) |
a (la, na) |
lhe | ele | ela | com ele | com ela | o mesmo | a mesma | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Plural | First | nós | nos | nós | connosco (Portugal) conosco (Brazil) |
a gente | |||||||
Second | vós | vos | vós | convosco | vocês | ||||||||
os senhores | as senhoras | ||||||||||||
Third | eles | elas | os (los, nos) |
as (las, nas) |
lhes | eles | elas | com eles | com elas | os mesmos | as mesmas | ||
se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) | |||||||||||
Indefinite | se (reflexive) | si (reflexive) | consigo (reflexive) |
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Portuguese se, from Latin sī (“if”).
Alternative formsEdit
- si (eye dialect)
ConjunctionEdit
se
- if (introduces a condition)
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
- Desculpe, acho que dá mais medo se for meia-noite!
- I'm sorry, I thought it would be more fearsome if it were midnight!
- Se for sair, leve um guarda-chuva.
- If you go out, take an umbrella.
- Só começaremos se nos pagarem.
- We will only begin if they pay us.
- 2007, J. K. Rowling, Lya Wyler, Harry Potter e as Relíquias da Morte, Rocco, page 317:
QuotationsEdit
For quotations of use of this term, see Citations:se.
SynonymsEdit
AntonymsEdit
RomanianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
PronunciationEdit
- Rhymes: -e
PronounEdit
se
Related termsEdit
RomanschEdit
SamoanEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
PronounEdit
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- oneself (clitic form of reflexive pronoun)
DeclensionEdit
Etymology 2Edit
From Proto-Slavic *sь.
ParticleEdit
se (Cyrillic spelling се)
- (obsolete) this is; here is
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- Here lies Viganj Milošević.
- се лежи вигань милошевиꙉь
- 1404, anonymous, Kočerin tablet:
SloveneEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *sę.
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /sɛ/
- Tonal orthography: se
PronounEdit
se
- oneself: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself (accusative)
- ourselves, yourselves, themselves (accusative)
DeclensionEdit
singular | |||
---|---|---|---|
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | jàz | tí | — |
accusative | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
genitive | méne, me | tébe, te | sébe, se |
dative | méni, mi | tébi, ti | sébi, si |
locative | méni | tébi | sébi |
instrumental | menój, máno | tebój, tábo | sebój, sábo |
possessive | mój | tvój | svój |
dual | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mídva m, médve/mídve f, n | vídva m, védve/vídve f, n | — |
accusative | náju | váju | sébe, se |
genitive | náju | váju | sébe, se |
dative | náma | váma | sébi, si |
locative | náju | váju | sébi |
instrumental | náma | váma | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nájin | vájin | svój |
plural | |||
1st person | 2nd person | reflexive | |
nominative | mí m, mé f, n | ví m, vé f, n | — |
accusative | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
genitive | nàs | vàs | sébe, se |
dative | nàm | vàm | sébi, si |
locative | nàs | vàs | sébi |
instrumental | nàmi | vàmi | sebój, sábo |
possessive | nàš | vàš | svój |
SpanishEdit
PronunciationEdit
- IPA(key): /se/
- Homophones: sé, ce (non-Castilian)
Etymology 1Edit
From Latin sē, from Proto-Indo-European *swé (reflexive pronoun).
PronounEdit
se m, f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Third person (also used for usted and ustedes) reflexive direct or indirect object oneself, himself, herself, itself, yourself; each other; one another
- Used to form the passive voice in the third person; also used for usted and ustedes.
- ¿Cómo se llama? — “What is your name?” [formal] (Literally, “How are you called?”)
- Used to form impersonal sentences.
- Se dice que... — “It is said that...”
Usage notesEdit
- (third person (and used for ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’) reflexive): Se is used as a suffix with verbs in the infinitive and imperative.
- (passive voice): Se often conveys the passive voice without any literally reflexive connotation:
- Aquí se habla español — Spanish is spoken here or They speak Spanish here.
Etymology 2Edit
From Old Spanish ge (from Latin illī, compare Portuguese lhe, Italian gli), whose pronunciation shifted from /ʒe/ to /ʃe/ in Early Modern Spanish, at which point it was reanalyzed as /se/ (rather than shifting to /xe/ as expected).
Alternative formsEdit
- ge (archaic)
PronounEdit
se m, f (third person, including ‘usted’ and ‘ustedes’)
- Used instead of indirect object pronouns le and les before the direct object pronouns lo, la, los, or las.
- El samaritano se las dio. — “The Samaritan gave them to him.”
See alsoEdit
nominative | dative | accusative | disjunctive | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first person | singular | yo | me | mí1 | |||
plural | masculine2 | nosotros | nos | nosotros | |||
feminine | nosotras | nosotras | |||||
second person | singular | tuteo | tú | te | ti1 | ||
voseo | vos | vos | |||||
formal3 | usted | le, se4 | lo/la5 | usted | |||
plural | familiar6 | masculine2 | vosotros | os | vosotros | ||
feminine | vosotras | vosotras | |||||
formal/general3 | ustedes | les, se4 | los/las5 | ustedes | |||
third person | singular | masculine2 | él | le, se4 | lo | él | |
feminine | ella | la | ella | ||||
neuter | ello7 | lo/la5 | ello | ||||
plural | masculine2 | ellos | les, se4 | los | ellos | ||
feminine | ellas | las | ellas | ||||
reflexive | — | se | sí1 |
- Not used with con; conmigo, contigo, and consigo are used instead, respectively
- Like other masculine Spanish words, masculine Spanish pronouns can be used when the gender of the subject is unknown or when the subject is plural and of mixed gender.
- Treated as if it were third-person for purposes of conjugation and reflexivity
- If le or les precedes lo, la, los, or las in a clause, it is replaced with se (e.g., Se lo dije instead of Le lo dije)
- Depending on the implicit gender of the object being referred to
- Used primarily in Spain
- Used only in rare circumstances
Etymology 3Edit
VerbEdit
se (main verb saber)
- Misspelling of sé.
Further readingEdit
- “se” in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014.
Sranan TongoEdit
SwedishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Old Swedish sēa, sē, sīa, from Old Norse séa, sjá, from Proto-Germanic *sehwaną, from Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to see, notice”). Cognate with Danish se, Norwegian Nynorsk sjå and Icelandic sjá, English see, German sehen and Dutch zien.
PronunciationEdit
VerbEdit
se
- to see; use one's sight
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- Tvärtom, fröken Julie, som ni ser har jag skyndat uppsöka min övergivna!
- Quite the opposite, miss Julie, as you can see I have rushed to find my abandonned one!
- 1915, John Wahlborg, Stjärnbanér i blågult
- Vad jag sett och hört och känt har helt enkelt överväldigat mig.
- What I have seen and heard and felt has quite simply overwhelmed me.
- 1888, August Strindberg, Fröken Julie
- to see; to understand
- Jag ser inte hur det skulle kunna vara möjligt.
- I don't see how that could be possible.
- to see; to form a mental picture of
ConjugationEdit
SynonymsEdit
- use one's sight
- understand
HypernymsEdit
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
See alsoEdit
TarantinoEdit
Tocharian AEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *suHyús. Cognate with Tocharian B soy, Old Armenian ուստր (ustr) and Ancient Greek υἱύς (huiús).
NounEdit
se m
See alsoEdit
TurkishEdit
TuvaluanEdit
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *se.
DeterminerEdit
se
InflectionEdit
Inflection of se | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative sing. | se | ||
genitive sing. | sen | ||
partitive sing. | sidä | ||
partitive plur. | niid | ||
singular | plural | ||
nominative | se | ne ned | |
accusative | sen | ne ned | |
genitive | sen | niiden | |
partitive | sidä | niid | |
essive-instructive | sen | — | |
translative | sikš | niikš | |
inessive | siš | niiš | |
elative | sišpäi | niišpäi | |
illative | sihe | niihe | |
adessive | sil | niil | |
ablative | silpäi | niilpäi | |
allative | sile | niile | |
abessive | sita | niita | |
comitative | senke | niidenke | |
prolative | sidäme | niidme | |
approximative I | senno | niidenno | |
approximative II | sennoks | niidennoks | |
egressive | sennopäi | niidennopäi | |
terminative I | sihesai | niihesai | |
terminative II | silesai | niilesai | |
terminative III | — | — | |
additive I | sihepäi | niihepäi | |
additive II | silepäi | niilepäi |
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- Zajceva, N. G.; Mullonen, M. I. (2007), “та, то, тот”, in Uz’ venä-vepsläine vajehnik / Novyj russko-vepsskij slovarʹ [New Russian–Veps Dictionary], Petrozavodsk: Periodika