Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/sobaka

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

*sobàka

Etymology

From Early Proto-Slavic *sabā́˙kā˙. Borrowed from Middle Iranian dialectal *sabā́ka-, from Proto-Medo-Parthian *spā́kəh, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *cwā́, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćwā́, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱwṓ. Cognate with Old Median σπάκα (spā́kəʰ), Avestan 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬐𐬀 (spaka, “dog-like”), 𐬯𐬞𐬀𐬥 (span, “dog”), Sanskrit श्वन् (śván, “dog”), Sanskrit शुनक (śunaka), Old Armenian ասպակ (aspak, “dog”).

Noun

*sobàka f

1. (East Slavic) dog

Declension

Declension of *sobàka (hard a-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*sobàka	*sobacě	*sobaky
genitive	*sobaky	*sobaku	*sobakъ
dative	*sobacě	*sobakama	*sobakamъ
accusative	*sobakǫ	*sobacě	*sobaky
instrumental	*sobakojǫ, *sobakǫ**	*sobakama	*sobakami
locative	*sobacě	*sobaku	*sobakasъ, *sobakaxъ*
vocative	*sobàko	*sobacě	*sobaky

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Related terms

• *sùka (“bitch”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: собака (sobaka)
    • Old Ruthenian: соба́ка (sobáka), саба́ка (sabáka) — Old Belarusian
      • Belarusian: саба́ка (sabáka)
      • Carpathian Rusyn: соба́ка (sobáka) (rare)
      • Ukrainian: соба́ка (sobáka)
        • → Polish: sobaka (dialectal)
          • → Kashubian: sobaka
    • Russian: соба́ка (sobáka)
      • → Aleut: sabaakax
      • → Southern Yukaghir: тоуко (towko)