Reconstruction:Proto-Iranian/jimáh

This Proto-Iranian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Iranian

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰimás, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰimós.

Noun

*jimáh

1. winter
2. cold, frost

Inflection

masculine a-stem
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*jimáh	*jimā́	*jimā́
vocative	*jima	*jimā́	*jimā́
accusative	*jimám	*jimā́	*jimā́nh
instrumental	*jimā́	*jimáybyaH	*jimā́yš
ablative	*jimā́t	*jimáybyaH	*jimáybyah
dative	*jimā́y	*jimáybyaH	*jimáybyah
genitive	*jimáhya	*jimáyāh	*jimā́nam
locative	*jimáy	*jimáyaw	*jimáyšu

Derived terms

• *jimakah
  • Central Iranian:
    • Avestan: 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬀𐬐𐬀 (zəmaka, “cold, winter storm”)
  • Northeastern Iranian:
    • Bactrian: ζιμγο (zimgo /⁠zimg⁠/)
    • Ossetian:

      Digor Ossetian: зумӕг (zumæg)

      Iron Ossetian: зымӕг (zymæg)

    • Sogdian: [script needed] (zmʾk), [script needed] (ʾzmy), [script needed] (zmyy /⁠(ə)zmē⁠/)
  • Southeastern Iranian:
    • Ormuri-Parachi:
      • Ormuri: [script needed] (zimak), [script needed] (zəmak)
      • Parachi: zemā, žəmā
    • Pashto: ژمی (žë́may), جمی (jë́may), زمى (zë́may)
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Northern Kurdish: zimag
    • Parthian: (“winter”)

      Manichaean script: 𐫉𐫖𐫃 (zmg /⁠zamag⁠/)

  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Classical Persian: دمه (dama)
    • → Gurani: -دەمە (dama)
    • → Central Kurdish: -دەوە (-dewe)
• *jimastaHnah
  • Northwestern Iranian:
    • Baluchi: زمستان (zemestân)
    • Kurdish:

      Northern Kurdish: zivistan

      Central Kurdish: زِستان (zistan), زوستان (zustan)

      Southern Kurdish: زِمسان (zimsan)

      Laki: زِمسان (zimsan)

    • Old Median: *zimastānah
      • Middle Median: *ziməstān
        • Talysh: зымсон (zımson)
        • → Middle Persian:

          Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (ẕmstʾn' /⁠zemestān⁠/)

          • Persian: زمستان (zemestân)
    • Zaza-Gorani:
      • Gurani: زمسان (zimsān)
      • Zazaki: zımıstan
  • Southwestern Iranian:
    • Kumzari: دِمِستَان (dimistān)
    • Middle Persian:

      Manichaean script: 𐫅𐫖𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫗 (dmystʾn /⁠damestān⁠/)

      Pazand: [Term?] (/⁠damastąn⁠/)

Descendants

• Central Iranian:
  • Younger Avestan: 𐬰𐬌𐬌𐬃 (ziiā̊), 𐬰𐬆𐬨𐬋 (zəmō)
• Northeastern Iranian:
  • Khotanese: [script needed] (ysumi)
  • Wakhi: [script needed] (zam), [script needed] (zəm)
• Northwestern Iranian:
  • → Middle Persian:

    Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (zm /⁠zam⁠/)

    • Persian: زم (zam)
    • Mazanderani: زم (zem)

References

• Dockalová, Lenka, Blazek, Václav (2011) “The Indo-European Year”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎^[1], volume 39, number 3/4, pages 425-426