Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/qadəp

This Proto-Malayo-Polynesian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Malayo-Polynesian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ʔadəp/, /qadəp/

Noun

*qadəp

front (facing part)

Descendants

Proto-Philippine: *qadəp
- Central Philippine:
  - Tausug: alup
- Palawan:
  - Brooke's Point Palawano: alep
Greater Barito
- Sama-Bajaw
  - Central Sama: alop
  - Mapun: awop
  - Southern Sama: alop
  - Yakan: hap
- East Barito
  - Malagasy: tandrify
- West Barito
  - Ngaju: taharep
North Bornean
- Central Sarawak
  - Bukat: irap
  - Punan Aput: irap
  - Ukit: rap
Land Dayak
- Benyadu': adap
Northwest Sumatra–Barrier Islands
- Alas-Kluet Batak: hadep
- Dairi Batak: adep
- Toba Batak: adop
Proto-Malayo-Sumbawan:
- Proto-Malayic: *hadəp
  - Iban: adap
  - Malay: hadap
    - Indonesian: hadap
    - → Maranao: hadap
    - → Tagalog: harap
  - Urak Lawoi': ฮาตะ (hadaq)
- Sundanese: hareup
- Balinese: harep
Old Javanese: haḍĕp, harĕp
- Javanese: ꦲꦝꦼꦥ꧀ (adhep)
- Javanese: ꦲꦉꦥ꧀ (arep)
- → Balinese: ᬳᬋᬧ᭄ (arep)
- → Tagalog: harap
Proto-South Sulawesi:
- Buginese: ada'
- Mandar: are'
- Tae': ara'
Proto-Oceanic: *qarop
- Western Oceanic
  - North New Guinea
    - Kairiru: aro
    - Manam: aro
- Central-Eastern Oceanic
  - Proto-Polynesian: *qaro
    - Tongic
      - Niuean: ao
      - Tongan: ʻao
    - Nuclear Polynesian
      - Samoic–Outlier
        Ellicean–Futunic
        East Futuna: ʻalo
        Futuna-Aniwa: aro
        Pukapukan: aro
        Tikopia: aro
        Tuvaluan: alo
        Samoic
        Samoan: alo
        Tokelauan: alo
      - Eastern Polynesian
        Marquesic
        Hawaiian: alo
        Mangarevan: aro
        North Marquesan: aʻo
        South Marquesan: aʻo
        Tahitic
        Maori: aro
        Rakahanga-Manihiki: aro
        Rarotongan: aro
        Tahitian: aro
        Tuamotuan: aro
        Rapa Nui: aro, ʻaro

References

Blust, Robert & Stephen Trussell, Austronesian Comparative Dictionary – *qadep.