harap

Albanian

Noun

harap m (plural harapë, definite harapi)

1. Alternative form of arap

Hungarian

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Finno-Ugric *karɜ- (*korɜ-) (“to bite”) + -p (obsolete instantaneous suffix).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈhɒrɒp]
• Hyphenation: ha‧rap
• Rhymes: -ɒp

Verb

harap

1. (transitive, intransitive) to bite (into someone or something: -ba/-be)

Conjugation

conjugation of harap

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	harapok	harapsz	harap	harapunk	haraptok	harapnak
		Def.	harapom	harapod	harapja	harapjuk	harapjátok	harapják
		2nd-p. o.	haraplak	―
	Past	Indef.	haraptam	haraptál	harapott	haraptunk	haraptatok	haraptak
		Def.	haraptam	haraptad	harapta	haraptuk	haraptátok	harapták
		2nd-p. o.	haraptalak	―
	Future		Future is expressed with a present-tense verb with a completion-marking prefix and/or a time adverb, or—more explicitly—with the infinitive plus the conjugated auxiliary verb fog, e.g. harapni fog.
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	harapék	harapál	harapa	harapánk	harapátok	harapának
		Def.	harapám	harapád	harapá	harapánk	harapátok	harapák
		2nd-p. o.	harapálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala (volt), e.g. harap vala, harapott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	harapandok	harapandasz	harapand	harapandunk	harapandotok	harapandanak
		Def.	harapandom	harapandod	harapandja	harapandjuk	harapandjátok	harapandják
		2nd-p. o.	harapandalak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	harapnék	harapnál	harapna	harapnánk	harapnátok	harapnának
		Def.	harapnám	harapnád	harapná	harapnánk (or harapnók)	harapnátok	harapnák
		2nd-p. o.	harapnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. harapott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	harapjak	harapj or harapjál	harapjon	harapjunk	harapjatok	harapjanak
		Def.	harapjam	harapd or harapjad	harapja	harapjuk	harapjátok	harapják
		2nd-p. o.	harapjalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. harapott légyen
Infinitive	harapni		harapnom	harapnod	harapnia	harapnunk	harapnotok	harapniuk
Other forms	Verbal noun		Present part.	Past part.	Future part.	Adverbial participle		Causative
	harapás		harapó	harapott	harapandó	harapva (harapván)		haraptat
The archaic passive conjugation had the same -(t)at/-(t)et suffix as the causative, followed by -ik in the 3rd-person singular (and the concomitant changes in conditional and subjunctive mostly in the 1st- and 3rd-person singular like with other traditional -ik verbs).

potential conjugation of harap

Click for archaic forms			1st person sg	2nd person sg informal	3rd person sg, 2nd p. sg formal	1st person pl	2nd person pl informal	3rd person pl, 2nd p. pl formal
Indica­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	haraphatok	haraphatsz	haraphat	haraphatunk	haraphattok	haraphatnak
		Def.	haraphatom	haraphatod	haraphatja	haraphatjuk	haraphatjátok	haraphatják
		2nd-p. o.	haraphatlak	―
	Past	Indef.	haraphattam	haraphattál	haraphatott	haraphattunk	haraphattatok	haraphattak
		Def.	haraphattam	haraphattad	haraphatta	haraphattuk	haraphattátok	haraphatták
		2nd-p. o.	haraphattalak	―
	Archaic Preterit	Indef.	haraphaték	haraphatál	haraphata	haraphatánk	haraphatátok	haraphatának
		Def.	haraphatám	haraphatád	haraphatá	haraphatánk	haraphatátok	haraphaták
		2nd-p. o.	haraphatálak	―
	Archaic Past		Two additional past tenses: the present and the (current) past forms followed by vala, e.g. haraphat vala, haraphatott vala/volt.
	Archaic Future	Indef.	haraphatandok or harapandhatok	haraphatandasz or harapandhatsz	haraphatand or harapandhat	haraphatandunk or harapandhatunk	haraphatandotok or harapandhattok	haraphatandanak or harapandhatnak
		Def.	haraphatandom or harapandhatom	haraphatandod or harapandhatod	haraphatandja or harapandhatja	haraphatandjuk or harapandhatjuk	haraphatandjátok or harapandhatjátok	haraphatandják or harapandhatják
		2nd-p. o.	haraphatandalak or harapandhatlak	―
Condi­tional mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	haraphatnék	haraphatnál	haraphatna	haraphatnánk	haraphatnátok	haraphatnának
		Def.	haraphatnám	haraphatnád	haraphatná	haraphatnánk (or haraphatnók)	haraphatnátok	haraphatnák
		2nd-p. o.	haraphatnálak	―
	Past		Indicative past forms followed by volna, e.g. haraphatott volna
Sub­junc­tive mood	Pre­sent	Indef.	haraphassak	haraphass or haraphassál	haraphasson	haraphassunk	haraphassatok	haraphassanak
		Def.	haraphassam	haraphasd or haraphassad	haraphassa	haraphassuk	haraphassátok	haraphassák
		2nd-p. o.	haraphassalak	―
	(Archaic) Past		Indicative past forms followed by légyen, e.g. haraphatott légyen
Inf.	(haraphatni)		(haraphatnom)	(haraphatnod)	(haraphatnia)	(haraphatnunk)	(haraphatnotok)	(haraphatniuk)
Positive adjective			harapható	Neg. adj.	haraphatatlan	Adv. part.	(haraphatva / haraphatván)

Derived terms

• harapás
• harapdál
• harapós

 

Compound words

• harapófogó

 

(With verbal prefixes):

• átharap
• beleharap
• elharap
• kettéharap
• kiharap
• leharap
• megharap
• összeharap
• ráharap
• szétharap
• utánaharap
• visszaharap

Expressions

• amelyik kutya ugat, az nem harap
• harapós kutya

 

Further reading

• harap in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN

Indonesian

Etymology

From Malay harap, from Proto-Malayic *harəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀəp.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ha.rap/

Verb

harap

1. to hope
2. to wish

Derived terms

• berharap
• berharap-harap
• berharapan
• berharapkan
• berpengharapan
• harap-harap
• harap-harapan
• harapan
• mengharap
• mengharapkan
• pengharapan
• terharap-harap

 

• harap siarkan

 

Further reading

• “harap” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.

Malay

Etymology

From Proto-Malayic *harəp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qaʀəp.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /harap/
• Rhymes: -arap, -rap, -ap

Verb

harap (Jawi spelling هارڤ)

1. to hope

Synonyms

• asa

Derived terms

• harapan
• harap maaf

Polish

Alternative forms

• herap (obsolete)

Etymology

Borrowed from German herab.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈxarap/

• Audio:

  (file)

• Rhymes: -arap
• Syllabification: ha‧rap

Noun

harap m inan (related adjective harapowy)

1. (hunting) hunting crop

   Synonym: korbacz

Declension

Declension of harap

	singular	plural
nominative	harap	harapy
genitive	harapa/harapu	harapów
dative	harapowi	harapom
accusative	harap	harapy
instrumental	harapem	harapami
locative	harapie	harapach
vocative	harapie	harapy

Derived terms

noun

• harapnik

 

verb

• harapować impf

 

Related terms

adjective

• harapnikowy

 

noun

• harapniczek

 

Further reading

• harap in Wielki słownik języka polskiego, Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN
• harap in Polish dictionaries at PWN
• Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “harap”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna

Romanian

Noun

harap m (plural harapi)

1. Alternative form of arap

Tagalog

Etymology

Borrowed from Malay hadap (“to face”) or Old Javanese harĕp, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *qadəp. Compare Yakan harap.

Pronunciation

• (Standard Tagalog) IPA^(key): /haˈɾap/ [hɐˈɾap̚]
• Rhymes: -ap
• Syllabification: ha‧rap

Noun

haráp (Baybayin spelling ᜑᜇᜉ᜔)

1. front; forefront

   Synonym: unahan

2. threshold

   Synonyms: bukana, bungad

3. facade; front of a building

   Synonym: patsada

4. presence; attendance

   Synonyms: dalo, pagdalo

5. presenting of oneself to someone

   Synonyms: pakikipagkita, pagharap, pakikiharap

6. submission for discussion or approval (of papers, reports, etc.)
7. actual attendance; actual performance (of one's duty)

   Synonyms: pagtupad, pagsasakatuparan

8. attention given (to a visitor or guest)

   Synonyms: asikaso, pag-aasikaso

9. (euphemistic) genitals

   Synonyms: ari, pag-aari

Derived terms

• haharapin
• harap-harapan
• harapan
• harapin
• hinaharap
• humarap
• iharap
• kaharap
• magharap
• nakaharap
• paghaharap
• pagharap
• pagharapin
• paharapin
• panghinaharap
• sa hinaharap

 

Further reading

• “harap”, in Pambansang Diksiyonaryo | Diksiyonaryo.ph, Manila, 2018
• Blust, Robert; Trussel, Stephen; et al. (2023) “*qadep”, in the CLDF dataset from The Austronesian Comparative Dictionary (2010–), →DOI

Turkish

Etymology

From Ottoman Turkish خراب (harab), ultimately from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [hɑˈɾɑp]

Adjective

harap

1. ruined
2. devastated

Noun

harap (definite accusative harabı, plural haraplar)

1. ruin
2. desolation
3. waste

Derived terms

• harap etmek

References

• Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “harap”, in Nişanyan Sözlük

Turkmen

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic خَرَاب (ḵarāb).

Noun

harab (definite accusative haraby, plural harablar)

1. bad, damaged, spoiled, broken

Declension

Declension of harap

	singular	plural
nominative	harap	haraplar
accusative	haraby	haraplary
genitive	harabyň	haraplaryň
dative	haraba	haraplara
locative	harapda	haraplarda
ablative	harapdan	haraplardan

Yakan

Verb

harap

1. to face (someone, something, or both)

Derived terms

• harapan