Reconstruction:Proto-Pama-Nyungan/rirra

This Proto-Pama-Nyungan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Pama-Nyungan

Alternative forms

• *dirra, *lirra, *yirra

Noun

*rirra

1. tooth

Descendants

• Bandjalang (including Yugambeh): dirrang (“tooth”)
• Bidyara: yira (“tooth”)
• Dyaabugay: dirra (“tooth”)
• Dyirbal: tirra (“tooth”)
• Gamilaraay: yira (“tooth”), Yuwaalaraay-dialect: yiya (“tooth”)
• Gugu Badhun: rirra (“tooth”)
• Gunya: ira (“tooth”)
• Kalkatungu: irrangkal (“kangaroo teeth (ornament)”)
• Kuku-Yalanji dirra (“tooth”)

  → Aghu Tharrnggala: liy (“tooth”) (a loan from some language)

• Linngithigh: lidh (“tooth”)
• Margany: irta (“tooth”)
• Martuthunira yirra
• Mudburra: lirra (“mouth; lip; tooth”)
• Muruwari: thirra (“tooth”)
• Nyawaygi: yirra (“teeth; point; seed”)
• Panyjima yirra
• Walmajarri: lirra (“mouth; tooth; lip(s)”)
• Warlmanpa: lirra (“mouth; teeth”)
• Warlpiri: lirra (“mouth”)
• Warrgamay yirra (“tooth”)
• general Warungu rirra, Gu(d)jal additional forms riyala and wurriya
• Woiwurrung: liang (“tooth”)
• Yaygir: dira (“tooth”)
• Yidiny: dirra (“tooth; hail; seed; name”)
• Yorta Yorta: dirran (“tooth”)

Further reading

• Alpher, Barry (2004), Proto-Pama-Nyungan etyma, in Claire Bowern, Harold James Koch, Australian Languages: Classification and the Comparative Method →ISBN