Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/žьrti
Proto-Slavic edit
Alternative forms edit
Etymology edit
Generally presumed to reflect Proto-Balto-Slavic *gírˀtei (“to praise”)[1], from Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH- (“to approve, to praise”).
Cognate yé-presents Lithuanian gìrti (“to praise”), Old Prussian girtwei (“to praise”), Latvian dzir̃t (“to honor”), dzirtiês (“to boast”) (usually reflexive) and perhaps Sanskrit गुरते (guráte, “to welcome”). Further akin to Sanskrit जरते (járate, “to address, to call for”), गृणाति (gṛṇā́ti, “to praise, to invoke”).
An older interpretation[2] suggests origin from *gʷer- (“to raise voice, to vocalize, to resonate”) (cf. Lithuanian gar̃sas (“sound, echo”), ger̃bti (“to respect”)).
Verb edit
- (originally) to consecrate
- (transitive) to sacrifice
Conjugation edit
Conjugation of *žьrti, *žьr, *žьretь (impf., -C-, s-aorist, accent paradigm b)
Verbal noun | Infinitive | Supine | L-participle |
---|---|---|---|
*žьrtьje | *žьrti | *žьrtъ | *žьrlъ |
Participles | ||
---|---|---|
Tense | Past | Present |
Passive | *žьrtъ | *žьromъ |
Active | *žьrъ | *žьry |
Aorist | Present | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *žьrxъ | *žьr | *žьr | *žьrǫ | *žьreši | *žьretь |
Dual | *žьrxově | *žьrsta | *žьrste | *žьrevě | *žьreta | *žьrete |
Plural | *žьrxomъ | *žьrste | *žьršę | *žьremъ | *žьrete | *žьrǫtь |
Imperfect | Imperative | |||||
Person | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | 1st | 2nd | 3rd |
Singular | *žьrěaxъ | *žьrěaše | *žьrěaše | — | *žьri | *žьri |
Dual | *žьrěaxově | *žьrěašeta | *žьrěašete | *žьrěvě | *žьrěta | — |
Plural | *žьrěaxomъ | *žьrěašete | *žьrěaxǫ | *žьrěmъ | *žьrěte | — |
- Notes:
- (*)*žьrenъ is doublet of past passive participle
Intensive stem: *žirati
Derived terms edit
- *požirati, *požьrěti (“to offer for sacrifice”)
- *žьrьcь m (“priest”), *žьrica f (“priestess”)
- *žьrtva (“sacrifice”)
- *žьrtьje (“sacrificial ritual”)
- *žьrěta (“sacral incantation”)
Related terms edit
Descendants edit
- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
References edit
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Derksen, Rick (2008), “*žьrti; *žerti”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, →ISSN, page 566: “v. ‘sacrifice’”
- ^ Smoczyński, Wojciech (1982) Indoeuropejskie podstawy słownictwa bałtyckiego, ABSI 14, pages 235-236
- ^ Olander, Thomas (2001), “1žьrti (žerti): žьr(j)ǫ žьr(j)etь”, in Common Slavic Accentological Word List, Copenhagen: Editiones Olander: “b ofre (SA 203, 248f.; PR 136)”
Further reading edit
- Vasmer, Max (1964–1973), “жру”, in Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), transl. & suppl. by Oleg Trubachyov, Moscow: Progress
- Borissoff, K.; Shaposhnikov, A. (2017), “Русско-санскритские этимологические этюды [Russian-Sanskrit etymological Sketches]”, in Труды Института русского языка, Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, page 58: “Др.-русск. жер(е)ти (праслав. *žerti, *žьrti) ~ вед. jṝ-, járate”
- “girti”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012