Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/živъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *gīˀwás, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷih₃wós (“alive”).

Adjective

*žȋvъ^[1]

alive, live, living
Antonym: *mьrtvъ

Inflection

Accent paradigm c.

Indefinite declension of *živъ (hard)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*živъ	*živa	*živo
genitive	*živa	*živy	*živa
dative	*živu	*živě	*živu
accusative	*živъ	*živǫ	*živo
instrumental	*živomь	*živojǫ	*živomь
locative	*živě	*živě	*živě
vocative	*žive	*živo	*živo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*živa	*živě	*živě
genitive	*živu	*živu	*živu
dative	*živoma	*živama	*živoma
accusative	*živa	*živě	*živě
instrumental	*živoma	*živama	*živoma
locative	*živu	*živu	*živu
vocative	*živa	*živě	*živě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*živi	*živy	*živa
genitive	*živъ	*živъ	*živъ
dative	*živomъ	*živamъ	*živomъ
accusative	*živy	*živy	*živa
instrumental	*živy	*živami	*živy
locative	*živěxъ	*živaxъ	*živěxъ
vocative	*živi	*živy	*živa

Definite declension of *živъ (hard)
singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*živъjь	*živaja	*živoje
genitive	*živajego	*živyję̇	*živajego
dative	*živujemu	*živěji	*živujemu
accusative	*živъjь	*živǫjǫ	*živoje
instrumental	*živyjimь	*živǫjǫ	*živyjimь
locative	*živějemь	*živěji	*živějemь
vocative	*živъjь	*živaja	*živoje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*živaja	*živěji	*živěji
genitive	*živuju	*živuju	*živuju
dative	*živyjima	*živyjima	*živyjima
accusative	*živaja	*živěji	*živěji
instrumental	*živyjima	*živyjima	*živyjima
locative	*živuju	*živuju	*živuju
vocative	*živaja	*živěji	*živěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*živiji	*živyję̇	*živaja
genitive	*živъjixъ	*živъjixъ	*živъjixъ
dative	*živyjimъ	*živyjimъ	*živyjimъ
accusative	*živyję̇	*živyję̇	*živaja
instrumental	*živyjimi	*živyjimi	*živyjimi
locative	*živyjixъ	*živyjixъ	*živyjixъ
vocative	*živiji	*živyję̇	*živaja

Derived terms

*živostь (“liveliness, vividness”)
*životъ (“life; belly”)
*živica (“galipot; resin”)
*živěti (“to be alive; to live”)

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: живъ (živŭ)
  - Belarusian: жывы́ (žyvý)
  - Russian: живо́й (živój)
    - → Kildin Sami: жыва (žyva, “animal; insect, beetle”)
  - Ukrainian: живи́й (žyvýj)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: живъ (živŭ)
  
  Glagolitic script: ⰶⰻⰲⱏ (živŭ)
- Bulgarian: жив (živ)
- Macedonian: жив (živ)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: жи̑в
  
  Latin script: žȋv
- Slovene: žȋv (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: živý
  - Czech: živý
- Old Polish: żywy, żyw
  - Polish: żywy, żyw (archaic)
  - Silesian: żywy
- Slovak: živý
- Polabian: zaivĕ
- Pomeranian:
  - Kashubian: żëwi, żiw
  - Slovincian: żyw
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: žiwy
  - Lower Sorbian: žywy

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žȋvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564

[1] Derksen, Rick (2008) “*žȋvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 564

[1]