Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ikъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed words and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-SlavicEdit

EtymologyEdit

This reconstruction page lacks etymological information. If you are familiar with the origin of this term, please add it to the page per etymology instructions. You can also discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.

Cognate with Latvian -ieks (< -eikas). The *-i in *-ikъ thus reflects a diphthong *ey, which explains the lack of of the third palatalization. Lithuanian -ykas reflects earlier -inīkas, and is not a cognate. Probably not related to Sanskrit -ईक (-īká) and Latin -īco.

SuffixEdit

*-ikъ m

Denominal, forming diminutives.
*nožь (“knife”) → *nožikъ (“a small knife”)

*větrъ (“wind”) → *větrikъ (“breeze”)

*listъ (“leaf”) → *listikъ (“a small leaf”)

*bobъ (“broad bean”) → *bobikъ (“(a small) broad bean”)
Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of a property.
*zoltъ (“golden”) → *zoltikъ (“something golden”)

*porzdьnъ (“empty”) → *porzdьnikъ (“feast, holiday, festival”)

*moldъ (“young”) → *moldikъ (“something or somebody young”)

*malъ (“small”) → *malikъ (“something or somebody small”)

DeclensionEdit

Declension of *-ikъ (hard o-stem)

	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	*-ikъ	*-ika	*-ici
Accusative	*-ikъ	*-ika	*-iky
Genitive	*-ika	*-iku	*-ikъ
Locative	*-icě	*-iku	*-icěxъ
Dative	*-iku	*-ikoma	*-ikomъ
Instrumental	-ikъmь, -ikomь^*	*-ikoma	*-iky
Vocative	*-iče	*-ika	*-ici

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Usage notesEdit

The diminutive function is productive in North Slavic. In South Slavic languages diminutive formations only exist in relics, mostly in Slovene.

Derived termsEdit

*-ьnikъ (with *-ьn- element abstracted away from denominal derivations on *-ьnъ)

Related termsEdit

*-ica (feminine counterpart)

DescendantsEdit

East Slavic:
- Old East Slavic: -икъ (-ikŭ)
  - Belarusian: -ік (-ik)
  - Russian: -ик (-ik)
  - Ukrainian: -ик (-yk)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Cyrillic: -икъ (-ikŭ)
  
  Glagolitic: -ⰹⰽⱏ (-ikŭ)
- Bulgarian: -ик (-ik)
- Macedonian: -ик (-ik)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic: -ик
  
  Latin: -ik
- Slovene: -ik
West Slavic:
- Czech: -ík
- Polish: -ik, -yk
- Slovak: -ík
- Slovincian: -ǐḱ
- Sorbian:
  - Upper Sorbian: -ik

ReferencesEdit

Matej Šekli (2012), Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini. Philological Studies 2012/1. Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb. 115–32.
Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974) Słownik prasłowiański (in Polish), volume I, Wrocław: Polska Akademia Nauk, page 90f