Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/-ikъ
Proto-Slavic
editEtymology
edit(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
From Proto-Balto-Slavic *-eikas, from Proto-Indo-European *-eykos. Cognate with Latvian -ieks (< -eikas). The *-i in *-ikъ thus reflects the Proto-Indo-European diphthong *ey, which explains the lack of the third palatalization. Lithuanian -ykas reflects earlier -inīkas, and is not a cognate. Probably not related to Sanskrit -ईक (-īká) and Latin -icō.
Suffix
edit*-ikъ m
- Denominal, forming diminutives.
- Deadjectival, denoting a carrier of a property.
Declension
editDeclension of *-ikъ (hard o-stem)
Usage notes
editThe diminutive function is productive in North Slavic. In South Slavic languages diminutive formations only exist in relics, mostly in Slovene.
Derived terms
edit- *-nikъ (appended to the past participle of verbs in *-nъ)
- *-ьnikъ (with *-ьn- element abstracted away from denominal derivations on *-ьnъ)
Related terms
edit- *-ica (feminine counterpart)
Descendants
edit- East Slavic:
- South Slavic:
- West Slavic:
References
edit- Šekli, Matej (2012) “Besedotvorni pomeni samostalniških izpeljank v praslovanščini”, in Philological Studies[1] (in Slovene), volume 10, number 1, Skopje, Perm, Ljubljana, Zagreb, pages 115–32
- Sławski, Franciszek, editor (1974), “*-ikъ”, in Słownik prasłowiański [Proto-Slavic Dictionary] (in Polish), volumes 1 (a – bьzděti), Wrocław: Ossolineum, page 90
- J. Halla-aho (2006): "Nouns in */-k-o-/ " in Problems of Proto-Slavic Historical Nominal Morphology, University of Helsenki, p. 70