Abenaki

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Suffix

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-ik

  1. A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.

Usage notes

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  • Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
  • See the usage notes at -ak.

Azerbaijani

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Suffix

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preceding vowel
A / I E / Ə / İ O / U Ö / Ü
postconsonantal -ıq -ik -uq -ük
postvocalic -yıq -yik -yuq -yük

-ik

  1. First-person plural present simple copula
    1. [we] are

Basque

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Alternative forms

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Suffix

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-ik

  1. Partitive suffix.
    etxe (house) + ‎-ik → ‎etxerik (any house?)
  2. Adverbial suffix, -ly
    poz (joy) + ‎-ik → ‎pozik (happy, happily)

Declension

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Basque inflectional suffixes
indefinite singular plural proximal plural
absolutive -∅ -a -ak -ok
ergative -(e)k -ak -ek
dative -(r)i -ari -ei -oi
genitive -(r)en -aren -en -on
comitative -(r)ekin -arekin -ekin -okin
causative -(r)engatik -arengatik -engatik -ongatik
benefactive -(r)entzat -arentzat -entzat -ontzat
instrumental -(e)z -az -ez -oz
inessive anim. -(r)engan -arengan -engan -ongan
inanim. -(e)tan -an -etan -otan
locative anim.
inanim. -(e)tako -(e)ko -etako -otako
allative anim. -(r)engana -arengana -engana -ongana
inanim. -(e)tara -(e)ra -etara -otara
terminative anim. -(r)enganaino -arenganaino -enganaino -onganaino
inanim. -(e)taraino -(e)raino -etaraino -otaraino
directive anim. -(r)enganantz -arenganantz -enganantz -onganantz
inanim. -(e)tarantz -(e)rantz -etarantz -otarantz
destinative anim. -(r)enganako -arenganako -enganako -onganako
inanim. -(e)tarako -(e)rako -etarako -otarako
ablative anim. -(r)engandik -arengandik -engandik -ongandik
inanim. -(e)tatik -(e)tik -etik -otik
partitive -(r)ik
prolative -tzat

Derived terms

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References

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  • -ik” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk

Estonian

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Etymology

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From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.

Suffix

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-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)

  1. Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
    kaks (two)kaksik (twin, group of two)
    kolm (three)kolmik (triplet, group of three)
    neli (four)nelik (quadruplet, four of a kind (poker), group of four)

Declension

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Declension of -ik (ÕS type 2/õpik, no gradation)
singular plural
nominative -ik -ikud
accusative nom.
gen. -iku
genitive -ikute
partitive -ikut -ikuid
illative -ikusse -ikutesse
-ikuisse
inessive -ikus -ikutes
-ikuis
elative -ikust -ikutest
-ikuist
allative -ikule -ikutele
-ikuile
adessive -ikul -ikutel
-ikuil
ablative -ikult -ikutelt
-ikuilt
translative -ikuks -ikuteks
-ikuiks
terminative -ikuni -ikuteni
essive -ikuna -ikutena
abessive -ikuta -ikuteta
comitative -ikuga -ikutega

Derived terms

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German

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Etymology

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Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

Pronunciation

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  • IPA(key): /-ɪk/
  • Audio:(file)

Suffix

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-ik

  1. forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
  2. forms feminine collective nouns
  3. forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics

Derived terms

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Hungarian

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “We seem to be missing an etym section for the intransitive (reflexive?) verb-forming suffix -ik, as documented in the Etymology section in -zik.”

Pronunciation

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Etymology 1

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Adjective suffix.

Suffix

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-ik

  1. (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix (often used together with the definite article a/az (the)). Used with (chiefly comparative, sometimes superlative) adjectives, answering the question melyik? (which?), specifying one out of a specific set of things/persons.
    más (different)(egy) másik (another one)a másik (the other one)
    rosszabb (worse)a rosszabbik (the worse one)
    a kisebbik rossz(at választja)(to choose) the lesser of two evils
    A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik.Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Possessive suffix.

Suffix

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-ik

  1. possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
    1. their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (s/he) (!) being optional for emphasis)
      kapu (gate)a kapuik, az ő kapuik (their gates)
      érme (coin)az érméik, az ő érméik (their coins)
    2. (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
      kapu (gate)a kapuik (your [formal, plural] gates), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
      érme (coin)az érméik (your [formal, plural] coins), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)
Usage notes
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  • (possessive suffix) Variants:
    -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
    -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant
    -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
    -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i

Etymology 3

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Personal suffix.

Suffix

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-ik

  1. (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
    Sokat utazik.S/he travels a lot.
  2. (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
    Coordinate term: (for back-vowel verbs) -ják
    Megnézik a filmet.They will see the movie. [from megnéz (to look at, to see), indicating a definite object, here required by a (the)]
Usage notes
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The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.

Eszik (to eat) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.

  • (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.
Derived terms
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See also

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Indonesian

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Etymology

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From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix

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-ik

  1. -ic.
    analitikanalytic

Usage notes

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The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.

Derived terms

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Category Indonesian terms suffixed with -ik not found
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Malay

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Etymology 1

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Borrowed from English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.

Suffix

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-ik (Jawi spelling -يک)

  1. -ic.
    saintifikscientific
Usage notes
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The suffix -ik often appears in loanwords from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with the suffix -is many of which were loaned from Dutch through Indonesian, although not all of them are (e.g. gramatis).

Etymology 2

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Borrowed from English -ics.

Suffix

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-ik (Jawi spelling -يک)

  1. -ics.
    linguistiklinguistics

Derived terms

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Category Malay terms suffixed with -ik not found
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Middle English

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Etymology 1

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Suffix

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-ik

  1. Alternative form of -y

Etymology 2

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    From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.

    Alternative forms

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    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ik

    1. Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.
    Derived terms
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    Descendants
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    • English: -ic
    References
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    Old Polish

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ikъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ik

    1. forms nouns, often diminutive

    Derived terms

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    Descendants

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    Polish

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    Alternative forms

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ik m

    1. forms nouns, often diminutive
      słodki + ‎-ik → ‎słodzik

    Declension

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    (personal nouns)

    (other nouns)

    Derived terms

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    Further reading

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    • -ik in Polish dictionaries at PWN

    Serbo-Croatian

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    Etymology

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

    Suffix

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    -ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)

    1. Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.

    See also

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    Slovak

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    Pronunciation

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    Etymology 1

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    Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.

    Suffix

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    -ik m

    1. alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong
      vták + ‎-ik → ‎vtáčik
      hriešny + ‎-ik → ‎hriešnik
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    Etymology 2

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    Borrowed from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).

    Suffix

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    -ik m

    1. fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed
      akadémia + ‎-ik → ‎akademik
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    Declension

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    • Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:
    • Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:

    Further reading

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    • Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
    • -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk

    Turkish

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    preceding vowel
    A / I E / İ O / U Ö / Ü
    -ık -ik -uk -ük

    Etymology 1

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    From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik), from Proto-Turkic *-uk.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ik

    1. Form of -ık after the vowels E / İ.
      değiş- (intransitive; to change) + ‎-ik → ‎değişik (different, varied)

    Etymology 2

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    From French -ique, from Latin -icus.

    Pronunciation

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    Suffix

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    -ik

    1. -ic
    2. -ical
    Derived terms
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    Veps

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    Etymology

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    (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Presumably related to Finnish -ko.

    Particle

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    -ik

    1. Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.

    Volapük

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    Suffix

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    -ik

    1. Used to form adjectives and determiners.