-ik
AbenakiEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik
- A suffix used to form the plurals of some animate words.
Usage notesEdit
- Often used to form the plurals of words (especially nouns denoting people who have particular occupations or activities) which end in the consonant d or t (which causes the d or t to mutate into j: nodabônkad, "baker" → nodabônkajik, "bakers"); only rarely used to form the plurals of words ending in other letters (nodkwaag, notkwahag, "pilot" → nodkwaagik, notkwahagik, "pilots").
- See the usage notes at -ak.
AzerbaijaniEdit
SuffixEdit
| preceding vowel | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / Ə / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü | |
| postconsonantal | -ıq | -ik | -uq | -ük |
| postvocalic | -yıq | -yik | -yuq | -yük |
-ik
BasqueEdit
Alternative formsEdit
- -rik (after vowels)
SuffixEdit
-ik
- Partitive suffix.
- Adverbial suffix, -ly
DeclensionEdit
Derived termsEdit
EstonianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Finnic *-ikkoi.
SuffixEdit
-ik (genitive -iku, partitive -ikut)
- Derives nouns from numerals, with the meaning "group of".
DeclensionEdit
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ik | -ikud |
| accusative | -iku | -ikud |
| genitive | -iku | -ikute |
| partitive | -ikut | -ikuid |
| illative | -ikusse | -ikutesse -ikuisse |
| inessive | -ikus | -ikutes -ikuis |
| elative | -ikust | -ikutest -ikuist |
| allative | -ikule | -ikutele -ikuile |
| adessive | -ikul | -ikutel -ikuil |
| ablative | -ikult | -ikutelt -ikuilt |
| translative | -ikuks | -ikuteks -ikuiks |
| terminative | -ikuni | -ikuteni |
| essive | -ikuna | -ikutena |
| abessive | -ikuta | -ikuteta |
| comitative | -ikuga | -ikutega |
Derived termsEdit
GermanEdit
EtymologyEdit
Borrowed from Latin -icus and Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik
- forms feminine nouns referring to fields of study
- forms feminine collective nouns
- forms feminine nouns referring to characteristics
Derived termsEdit
HungarianEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Adjective suffix.
SuffixEdit
-ik
- (adjective-forming suffix) A unique identification suffix. Specifies which one of a specific set of things/persons. Used with adjectives. See usage notes below.
- rosszabb (“worse”) → a rosszabbik (“the worse one”)
- más (“different”) ― (egy) másik (“another one”) ― a másik (“the other one”)
- A nagyobbik szobában Péter lakik. ― Peter lives in the bigger room (out of a specific set of rooms).
Usage notesEdit
- (adjective-forming suffix) The -ik creates a determining or specifying adjective from a comparative adjective so it will answer the question melyik? (“which?”). In a few cases it takes not a comparative but a positive adjective, which already incorporates the idea of comparison (e.g. más (“different”)). It is very often used with a definite article (a/az (“the”)).
Derived termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Possessive suffix.
SuffixEdit
-ik
- possessive suffix for multiple possessions if there is no noun for the possessor:
- their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
- kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik, az ő kapuik (“their gates”)
- érme (“coin”) → az érméik, az ő érméik (“their coins”)
- (formal) your ……-s (second-person plural, grammatically resembling the third person plural)
- kapu (“gate”) → a kapuik (“your [formal, plural] gates”), alternatively: az önök kapui, a maguk kapui (!)
- érme (“coin”) → az érméik (“your [formal, plural] coins”), alternatively: az önök érméi, a maguk érméi (!)
- their ……-s (third-person plural; the pronoun ő (“s/he”) (!) being optional for emphasis)
Usage notesEdit
- (possessive suffix) Variants:
- -ik is added to words ending in a vowel except -i. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
- -aik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -eik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant
- -jaik is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
- -jeik is added to some front-vowel words ending in a consonant or the vowel -i
Etymology 3Edit
Personal suffix.
SuffixEdit
-ik
- (personal suffix) The ending of a large group of passive/reflexive verbs in indefinite third-person singular present tense, their dictionary form.
- Sokat utazik. ― S/he travels a lot.
- (personal suffix) Used to form the definite third-person plural present indicative of (front-vowel) verbs.
Usage notesEdit
The above two senses are usually not difficult to distinguish as long as one knows whether the lemma of the verb ends in -ik. If it does, it is usually not a transitive verb (since most -ik verbs have a passive or reflexive meaning) so it will be probably an (indefinite) singular. On the other hand, if the lemma of the verb has no -ik, the only option is the definite plural.
Eszik (“to eat”) is one of the few -ik verbs that are transitive. In such a case, one needs to rely on the definiteness of the object. For more details, see its Usage notes.
| Person | Back vowel |
Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm | |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | ||
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | ||
| after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl | |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular | – | ||
| -ik verbs | -ik | |||
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | |
| after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | ||
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
- (personal suffix, definite conjugation) See harmonic variants in the table below.
| Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| unrounded | rounded | |||
| én | 1st person singular | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -od | -ed | -öd |
| ő maga ön |
3rd person singular or formal 2nd person singular |
-ja | -i | |
| mi | 1st person plural | -juk | -jük | |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -játok | -itek | |
| ők maguk önök |
3rd person plural or formal 2nd person plural |
-ják | -ik | |
| See also: present-tense indefinite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. | ||||
Derived termsEdit
See alsoEdit
IndonesianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From English -ic, from Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos, *-ḱos, formed with the i-stem suffix *-i- and the adjectival suffix *-kos, *-ḱos.
SuffixEdit
-ik
- -ic.
- analitik ― analytic
Usage notesEdit
The suffix -ik often appears on loaned words from English. Many words with this suffix have synonyms with suffix -is which were loaned from Dutch. However, the Dutch-loaned -is is seemingly preferred over English-loaned -ik. Never used in chemical compound sense.
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
Middle EnglishEdit
Etymology 1Edit
SuffixEdit
-ik
- Alternative form of -y
Etymology 2Edit
From Old French -ique, from Latin -icus, from Proto-Indo-European *-kos. Doublet of -y.
Alternative formsEdit
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik
- Forms nouns denoting a quality from adjectives; -ic.
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- English: -ic
ReferencesEdit
- “-ī̆k, suf.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-11-2.
Old PolishEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *ikъ.
SuffixEdit
-ik
- forms nouns, often diminutive
Derived termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
- Polish: -ik
PolishEdit
Alternative formsEdit
EtymologyEdit
Inherited from Old Polish -ik, from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik m
DeclensionEdit
(personal nouns)
(other nouns)
Derived termsEdit
Further readingEdit
Serbo-CroatianEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
SuffixEdit
-ik (Cyrillic spelling -ик)
- Suffix appended to words to create a masculine noun, usually denoting a profession, performer, place, object, tool or a feature.
See alsoEdit
SlovakEdit
PronunciationEdit
Etymology 1Edit
Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ikъ.
SuffixEdit
-ik m
- alternative form of suffix -ík after roots in a long vowel or a diphthong
Related termsEdit
Etymology 2Edit
Borrowed from Latin -icus or Ancient Greek -ικός (-ikós).
SuffixEdit
-ik m
- fictive suffix in case when both an occupational name in -ik and its base noun were borrowed
Related termsEdit
DeclensionEdit
- Declension in case of an inanimate noun according to the declension pattern dub:
- Declension in case of an animate noun according to the declension pattern chlap:
Further readingEdit
- Pauliny, Eugen - Ružička, Jozef - Štolc, Jozef (1968), Slovenská gramatika (in Slovak), 5th edition, Bratislava: Slovenské pedagogické nakladateľstvo, pages 145-152
- -ik in Slovak dictionaries at korpus.sk
TurkishEdit
| preceding vowel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| A / I | E / İ | O / U | Ö / Ü |
| -ık | -ik | -uk | -ük |
Etymology 1Edit
Front unrounded variant of -ık. From Ottoman Turkish ـیق (-ik), from Proto-Turkic *-uk[1].
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik
Form of -ık after the vowels E / İ.
- Derives participle forms of verbs; adjectival and/or resulting state or product of the action.
Etymology 2Edit
From French -ique, from Latin -icus.
PronunciationEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik
Derived termsEdit
ReferencesEdit
VepsEdit
EtymologyEdit
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.) Presumably related to Finnish -ko.
ParticleEdit
-ik
- Interrogative particle. It is attached to the finite verb in yes-no questions, which is then placed first in the sentence.
VolapükEdit
SuffixEdit
-ik
- Used to form adjectives and determiners.