-ico

See also: Appendix:Variations of "ico"

Galician

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈiko/ [ˈi.kʊ]
Rhymes: -iko

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

-ic; forms adjectives from nouns

Derived terms

Interlingua

Etymology

Borrowed from English -ic, French -ique, Italian -ico, Portuguese -ico, Spanish -ico, Russian -ик (-ik) all ultimately from Latin -icum, from -icus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /i.ko/

Suffix

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-ico

forms nouns from nouns, denoting a person occupied with a science or study; -ic, -ician, -ian
‎historia (“history”) + ‎-ico → ‎historico (“historian”)

‎theoria (“theory”) + ‎-ico → ‎theorico (“theoretician”)

Usage notes

The stressed syllable in words formed with -ico is the antepenult, i.e. the syllable prior to the suffix.
A corresponding nominal suffix denoting a particular science or study is -ica while the corresponding adjectival suffix is -ic.

Derived terms

Interlingua terms suffixed with -ico

theorico

References

Alexander Gode, Hugh E. Blair (1955) Interlingua: A Grammar of the International Language, →ISBN

Italian

Etymology

Derived from Latin -icus.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.ko/
Rhymes: -iko
Hyphenation: -ì‧co

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -ici, feminine plural -iche)

-ic

Derived terms

Italian terms suffixed with -ico

Suffix

-ico

first-person singular present of -icàre

Anagrams

ciò, coi

Latin

Pronunciation

(Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /i.koː/, [ɪkoː]
(modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /i.ko/, [iko]

Etymology 1

From -ō suffixed to words with stems ending in -ic (including -icus), which was reinterpreted as part of the suffix.

Suffix

-icō (present infinitive -icāre, perfect active -icāvī, supine -icātum); first conjugation

forms regular first-conjugation verbs, sometimes with frequentative meaning
fodiō + -icō → fodicō

albus + -icō → albicō

Conjugation

Conjugation of -icō (first conjugation)

indicative		singular				plural
indicative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-icō	-icās		-icat	-icāmus	-icātis		-icant
	imperfect	-icābam	-icābās		-icābat	-icābāmus	-icābātis		-icābant
	future	-icābō	-icābis		-icābit	-icābimus	-icābitis		-icābunt
	perfect	-icāvī	-icāvistī		-icāvit	-icāvimus	-icāvistis		-icāvērunt, -icāvēre
	pluperfect	-icāveram	-icāverās		-icāverat	-icāverāmus	-icāverātis		-icāverant
	future perfect	-icāverō	-icāveris		-icāverit	-icāverimus	-icāveritis		-icāverint
passive	present	-icor	-icāris, -icāre		-icātur	-icāmur	-icāminī		-icantur
	imperfect	-icābar	-icābāris, -icābāre		-icābātur	-icābāmur	-icābāminī		-icābantur
	future	-icābor	-icāberis, -icābere		-icābitur	-icābimur	-icābiminī		-icābuntur
	perfect	-icātus + present active indicative of sum
	pluperfect	-icātus + imperfect active indicative of sum
	future perfect	-icātus + future active indicative of sum
subjunctive		singular				plural
subjunctive		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	-icem	-icēs		-icet	-icēmus	-icētis		-icent
	imperfect	-icārem	-icārēs		-icāret	-icārēmus	-icārētis		-icārent
	perfect	-icāverim	-icāverīs		-icāverit	-icāverīmus	-icāverītis		-icāverint
	pluperfect	-icāvissem	-icāvissēs		-icāvisset	-icāvissēmus	-icāvissētis		-icāvissent
passive	present	-icer	-icēris, -icēre		-icētur	-icēmur	-icēminī		-icentur
	imperfect	-icārer	-icārēris, -icārēre		-icārētur	-icārēmur	-icārēminī		-icārentur
	perfect	-icātus + present active subjunctive of sum
	pluperfect	-icātus + imperfect active subjunctive of sum
imperative		singular				plural
imperative		first	second		third	first	second		third
active	present	—	-icā		—	—	-icāte		—
active	future	—	-icātō		-icātō	—	-icātōte		-icantō
passive	present	—	-icāre		—	—	-icāminī		—
passive	future	—	-icātor		-icātor	—	—		-icantor
non-finite forms		infinitive				participle
non-finite forms		active		passive		active		passive
present		-icāre		-icārī, -icārier¹		-icāns		—
future		-icātūrum esse		-icātum īrī		-icātūrus		-icandus
perfect		-icāvisse		-icātum esse		—		-icātus
future perfect		—		-icātum fore		—		—
perfect potential		-icātūrum fuisse		—		—		—
verbal nouns		gerund					supine
		genitive	dative		accusative	ablative	accusative		ablative
		-icandī	-icandō		-icandum	-icandō	-icātum		-icātū

¹The present passive infinitive in -ier is a rare poetic form which is attested.

Derived terms

Latin terms suffixed with -ico

Descendants

Catalan: -egar
Italian: -icare
Sicilian: -icari

Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Suffix

-icō

dative/ablative masculine/neuter singular of -icus

Polish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.t͡sɔ/
Rhymes: -it͡sɔ
Syllabification: [please specify syllabification manually]

Suffix

-ico

vocative singular of -ica

Portuguese

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Proto-Italic *-kos

Latin -cus

Latin -icuslbor.

Portuguese -ico

Learned borrowing from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin, from Proto-Indo-European *-ikos, *-iḱos.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): (stressed on the antepenultimate syllable) /i.ku/

Hyphenation: -i‧co

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

-ic; -ical of or relating to [the suffixed noun]

Derived terms

Portuguese terms suffixed with -ico

anti-hipercolesterolêmico

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈi.ku/

Hyphenation: -i‧co

Suffix

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos, feminine -ica, feminine plural -icas)

irregular diminutive suffix, often forming new senses rather than semantic diminutives
‎burro (“donkey”) + ‎-ico → ‎burrico (“small donkey”)

‎verão (“summer”) + ‎-ico → ‎veranico (“Indian summer”)

‎furo (“hole”) + ‎-ico → ‎furico (“colloquial, euphemistic: anus”)

Usage notes

The following ending(s) change(s) in words appended with this suffix:

⟨-ção⟩, ⟨-são⟩ (in feminine abstract nouns, incl. plurals) → ⟨-cion⟩, ⟨-sion⟩
⟨-ão⟩ (as a non-verb suffix, incl. plurals) → ⟨-on⟩
⟨-ã(o)⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-(i)an⟩, ⟨-am⟩, or ⟨-(i)on⟩, depending on the base word's etymology
⟨-m⟩ (incl. plurals) → ⟨-n⟩
⟨-z⟩ (in some nouns from Latin, incl. plurals) → ⟨-c(i)⟩
⟨-vel⟩ (unstressed and adjectival, incl. plurals) →
⟨-z⟩ (adjectival, incl. plurals) →

Derived terms

Portuguese terms suffixed with -ico (diminutive)

furico

Spanish

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /iko/, [i.ko]
Rhymes: -iko
Syllabification: -i‧co

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin -icus, which forms adjectives of belonging or origin from a noun.

Suffix

-ico (adjective-forming suffix, feminine -ica, masculine plural -icos, feminine plural -icas)

forms adjectives from nouns; -ic
‎fotografía (“photograph”) + ‎-ico → ‎fotográfico (“photographic”)

Usage notes

The stress will fall on the syllable before the suffix (e.g. cuántico, with emphasis on /a/). Contrast Etymology 2, with stress on the suffix.

Etymology 2

Related to Ladino -iko, which serves as the equivalent of -ito.

Suffix

-ico m (noun-forming suffix, plural -icos)

(Murcia, Granada, Navarre, Aragon, Cuba, Colombia, Venezuela, Costa Rica) diminutive suffix, pejorative in certain regions; forms nouns from nouns; replaces standard Spanish suffix -ito (in Cuba/Colombia/Venezuela/Costa Rica, it is only used with words that end in /t/, e.g. gato > gatico; but perro > perrito.

Usage notes

The stress falls on the first syllable of the suffix (e.g. marica, with emphasis on /i/). Contrast Etymology 1, with stress on the syllable preceding the suffix.