Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dręx(ъ)lъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Alternative reconstructions

*dręsьlъ, *dręselъ

Etymology

Per ESSJa, related to Lithuanian drum̃sti. Compare also Latin trīstis.^[1]

Adjective

*dręx(ъ)lъ^[2]

sad, sullen, gloomy

Inflection

Indefinite declension of *dręx(ъ)lъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dręxъlъ	*dręxъla	*dręxъlo
genitive	*dręxъla	*dręxъly	*dręxъla
dative	*dręxъlu	*dręxъlě	*dręxъlu
accusative	*dręxъlъ	*dręxъlǫ	*dręxъlo
instrumental	*dręxъlomь	*dręxъlojǫ	*dręxъlomь
locative	*dręxъlě	*dręxъlě	*dręxъlě
vocative	*dręxъle	*dręxъlo	*dręxъlo
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dręxъla	*dręxъlě	*dręxъlě
genitive	*dręxъlu	*dręxъlu	*dręxъlu
dative	*dręxъloma	*dręxъlama	*dręxъloma
accusative	*dręxъla	*dręxъlě	*dręxъlě
instrumental	*dręxъloma	*dręxъlama	*dręxъloma
locative	*dręxъlu	*dręxъlu	*dręxъlu
vocative	*dręxъla	*dręxъlě	*dręxъlě
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dręxъli	*dręxъly	*dręxъla
genitive	*dręxъlъ	*dręxъlъ	*dręxъlъ
dative	*dręxъlomъ	*dręxъlamъ	*dręxъlomъ
accusative	*dręxъly	*dręxъly	*dręxъla
instrumental	*dręxъly	*dręxъlami	*dręxъly
locative	*dręxъlěxъ	*dręxъlaxъ	*dręxъlěxъ
vocative	*dręxъli	*dręxъly	*dręxъla

Definite declension of *dręx(ъ)lъ (hard)

singular	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dręxъlъjь	*dręxъlaja	*dręxъloje
genitive	*dręxъlajego	*dręxъlyję̇	*dręxъlajego
dative	*dręxъlujemu	*dręxъlěji	*dręxъlujemu
accusative	*dręxъlъjь	*dręxъlǫjǫ	*dręxъloje
instrumental	*dręxъlyjimь	*dręxъlǫjǫ	*dręxъlyjimь
locative	*dręxъlějemь	*dręxъlěji	*dręxъlějemь
vocative	*dręxъlъjь	*dręxъlaja	*dręxъloje
dual	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dręxъlaja	*dręxъlěji	*dręxъlěji
genitive	*dręxъluju	*dręxъluju	*dręxъluju
dative	*dręxъlyjima	*dręxъlyjima	*dręxъlyjima
accusative	*dręxъlaja	*dręxъlěji	*dręxъlěji
instrumental	*dręxъlyjima	*dręxъlyjima	*dręxъlyjima
locative	*dręxъluju	*dręxъluju	*dręxъluju
vocative	*dręxъlaja	*dręxъlěji	*dręxъlěji
plural	masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	*dręxъliji	*dręxъlyję̇	*dręxъlaja
genitive	*dręxъlъjixъ	*dręxъlъjixъ	*dręxъlъjixъ
dative	*dręxъlyjimъ	*dręxъlyjimъ	*dręxъlyjimъ
accusative	*dręxъlyję̇	*dręxъlyję̇	*dręxъlaja
instrumental	*dręxъlyjimi	*dręxъlyjimi	*dręxъlyjimi
locative	*dręxъlyjixъ	*dręxъlyjixъ	*dręxъlyjixъ
vocative	*dręxъliji	*dręxъlyję̇	*dręxъlaja

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: дра́хлы (dráxly)
- Russian: дря́хлый (drjáxlyj)
- Ukrainian: дряхли́й (drjaxlýj)
South Slavic:
- Old Church Slavonic:
  Old Cyrillic script: дрѧхлъ (dręxlŭ), дрѧселъ (dręselŭ), дрѧслъ (dręslŭ)
  - Bulgarian: дре́хъл (dréhǎl) (dialectal)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: дре̏сео
- Slovene: dresélen (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Czech: drachly
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: drjechły

References

^ Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “Proto-Slavic/dręx(ъ)lъ”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 706
^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dręx(ъ)lъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 112

[1] Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “Proto-Slavic/dręx(ъ)lъ”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 706

[2] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dręx(ъ)lъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 112

[1]

[2]