Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/duxati

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

Factitive-iterative verb from *duxъ (“breath, sprite”) +‎ *-ati, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰews- (“to breathe”). Related via schwebeablaut to *dvoxati (“to breathe heavily”).

Verb

*duxàti impf (perfective *duxnǫti)

1. to blow, to puff

   Synonyms: *dьmuxati, *puxati, *lъxati

Inflection

Conjugation of *duxati, *duxa, *duxajetь (impf., -a-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Suffix: *-ati

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*duxanьje	*duxati	*duxatъ	*duxalъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*duxanъ	*duxajemъ
Active	*duxavъ	*duxaję

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*duxaxъ	*duxa	*duxa	*duxajǫ	*duxaješi	*duxajetь
Dual	*duxaxově	*duxasta	*duxaste	*duxajevě	*duxajeta	*duxajete
Plural	*duxaxomъ	*duxaste	*duxašę	*duxajemъ	*duxajete	*duxajǫtь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*duxaaxъ	*duxaaše	*duxaaše	—	*duxaji	*duxaji
Dual	*duxaaxově	*duxaašeta	*duxaašete	*duxajivě	*duxajita	—
Plural	*duxaaxomъ	*duxaašete	*duxaaxǫ	*duxajimъ	*duxajite	—

Derived terms

• *produxati (“to blow away”)
• *jьzduxati (“to blow off”)
• *poduxati (“to blow up, to puff”)
• *zaduxati (“to blow intensively”)
• *orzduxati (“to blow out”)
• *duxačь (“blower (agent)”)
• *duxadlo (“blower (tool)”)
• *duxatъ (“witty”)
• *duxa (“life, motion (of gases)”)
• *duša (“soul”)

Related terms

• *duti, *dǫti (“to blow, to swell”)
  • *dьmuxati (“to blow”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: духати (duxati)
    • Ukrainian: ду́хати (dúxaty) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic: доухати (duxati)
  • Bulgarian: ду́хам (dúham)
  • Macedonian: дува (duva)
  • Serbo-Croatian: ду́хати
  • Slovene: dúhati
• West Slavic:
  • Czech: douchati
  • Polish: duchać
  • Slovak: dúchat'

Further reading

• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*duxati”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 151
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “духам, духвам, духна”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 450