Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/moltъ

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-European *molh₂-to-, from *melh₂- (given as *melH- in Derksen). Equivalently from the root of *melti (“to grind, mill”) +‎ *-tъ. The original meaning was "crushing out".

Cognate with Latin malleus (“hammer”) < *mal-ni- "crushing" (per Pokorny).

Noun

*mõltъ or *mȏltъ m

1. hammer

Inflection

Accent paradigm b or c. Most descendants reflect paradigm c.

Declension of *mõltъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm b)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mõltъ	*mōltà	*mōltì
genitive	*mōltà	*mōltù	*mõltъ
dative	*mōltù	*mōltòma	*mōltòmъ
accusative	*mõltъ	*mōltà	*mōltỳ
instrumental	*mōltъ̀mь, *mōltòmь*	*mōltòma	*mõlty
locative	*mōltě̀	*mōltù	*mõltěxъ
vocative	*molte	*mōltà	*mōltì

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Declension of *mȏltъ (hard o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*mȏltъ	*mȏlta	*mȏlti
genitive	*mȏlta	*moltù	*mõltъ
dative	*mȏltu	*moltomà	*moltòmъ
accusative	*mȏltъ	*mȏlta	*mȏlty
instrumental	*mȏltъmь, *mȏltomь*	*moltomà	*moltý
locative	*mȏltě	*moltù	*moltě̃xъ
vocative	*molte	*mȏlta	*mȏlti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

Derived terms

• *mōltìti (“to beat, thresh”)
  • *moltěja / *molťaja
  • *moltęga, *moltęgъ?
  • *moltidlo
    • *moltidlьja
  • *molti(d)lьnъ
  • *moltišče
  • *moltivo
  • *molt(j)ati
  • *molt(j)enьje
  • *molťьskъ
  • *moltъka / *molťьka
  • *moltьba
  • *moltьcь
• *moltobojь
  • *moltobojьcь
• *moltovъ
• *moltъkъ
• *moltьnъ
  • *moltьnica
  • *moltьnikъ
  • *moltьnja / *moltьnь

Related terms

• *moľь (“moth”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Old East Slavic: молотъ (molotŭ)
    • Old Belarusian: молот (molot)
      • Belarusian: мо́лат (mólat)
    • Russian: мо́лот (mólot)
    • Ukrainian: мо́лот (mólot)
• South Slavic:
  • Old Church Slavonic:

    Cyrillic: млатъ (mlatŭ)

    Glagolitic: ⰿⰾⰰⱅⱏ (mlatŭ)

  • Bulgarian: млат (mlat)
  • Macedonian: млат (mlat)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: мла̑т

    Latin script: mlȃt, mlȏt

  • Slovene: mlȁt, mlȃt (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: mlat
    • Czech: mlat, młat
  • Kashubian: młot
  • Old Polish: młot
    • Polish: młot
  • Slovak: mlat
  • Sorbian:
    • Upper Sorbian: młót

Further reading

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “молот”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 1 (а – пантомима), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 540
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “молот”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Pokorny, Julius (1959) “mel-1”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 716–719
• Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1992), “*moltъ”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 19 (*męs⁽'⁾arь – *morzakъ), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 197

Etymology 2

Noun

*moltъ m

1. Alternative form of *molto (“malt”)

Declension

Declension of *moltъ (hard o-stem)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*moltъ	*molta	*molti
genitive	*molta	*moltu	*moltъ
dative	*moltu	*moltoma	*moltomъ
accusative	*moltъ	*molta	*molty
instrumental	*moltъmь, *moltomь*	*moltoma	*molty
locative	*moltě	*moltu	*moltěxъ
vocative	*molte	*molta	*molti

^* -ъmь in North Slavic, -omь in South Slavic.