malleus
See also: malléus
Contents
EnglishEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Latin malleus (“hammer, mallet”)
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
malleus (plural mallei)
- (anatomy) The small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear.
- A fracture of the malleus handle is a rare traumatic middle ear lesion.
- 2010, Elaine N. Marieb & Katja Hoehn, Human Anatomy & Physiology, 8th edition, page 576
- The tympanic cavity is spanned by the three smallest bones in the body: the auditory ossicles […] These bones, named for their shape, are the malleus (malʹe-us; "hammer"); the incus (ingʹkus; "anvil"); and the stapes (staʹpēz; "stirrup"). The "handle" of the malleus is secured to the eardrum, and the base of the stapes fits into the oval window.
- (ichthyology) The tripus (ossicle in cypriniform fishes).
- (zoology) One of the paired calcareous structures within the mastax of rotifers.
- 1884, Hudson, C.T., Memoirs: An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1884 s2-24, pages 335-356:
- [...] in the typical mastax of a Brachionus there are two hammer-like bodies (mallei), which work on a kind of split anvil (incus); [...] each malleus consists of an upper part or head (uncus) and a lower or handle (manubrium);
- 1884, Hudson, C.T., Memoirs: An Attempt to re-classify the Rotifers in Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science 1884 s2-24, pages 335-356:
SynonymsEdit
- (bone of the middle ear): hammer
- (tripus): malleus Weberi, tripus
HypernymsEdit
- (bone of the middle ear): auditory ossicle, auditory bone, otic bone, ossicle
Derived termsEdit
TranslationsEdit
the small hammer-shaped bone of the middle ear
tripus — see tripus
part of the mastax of rotifers
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ReferencesEdit
- The Century Dictionary Online
- Dictionary of Ichthyology, Brian W. Coad and Don E. McAllister
- A Dictionary of Scientific Terms, Henderson I. F., Henderson W. D., BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2009, ISBN 1113194219, 9781113194213, page 174
LatinEdit
EtymologyEdit
From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-no-, from *melh₂- (“to grind, crush”), whence also molō (“I grind”). Compare similar semantic development from the same Proto-Indo-European root in Old Church Slavonic млатъ (mlatŭ, “hammer”), beside the usual reflex млѣти (mlěti).
PronunciationEdit
NounEdit
malleus m (genitive malleī); second declension
- hammer, mallet
-
8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 2.623-625
- […] haud aliter quam cum spectante iuvenca
lactentis vituli dextra libratus ab aure
tempora discussit claro cava malleus ictu.- […] just as when the young suckling calf spies by its right ear the danger poised to crash its resounding hammer blow.
- […] haud aliter quam cum spectante iuvenca
-
405 CE, Jerome, Vulgate Iudicum.5.26
- sinistram manum misit ad clavum et dexteram ad fabrorum malleos […]
- She put her hand to the nail, and her right hand to the workmen's hammer […]
- sinistram manum misit ad clavum et dexteram ad fabrorum malleos […]
-
- a disease of animals
-
c. 260 CE, Quintus Gargilius Martialis, P. Vegeti Renati Digestorum artis mulomedicinae 1.31
- Quod si febris interna fuerit, non facile animal dormiet, et cotidie deterior fiet, interdum furunculos in dorso vel in lateribus habebit: scias eum a morbo, de quo superius disputatum est, maleo teneri.
-
- (New Latin) the malleus, a small bone in the middle ear
- 1794, Gulielmo Rowley, Schola Medicinæ Universalis Nova, pars prior, page ix
- Chorda tympani—Oſſicula quatuor auditus, 267—Malleus—Incus—Oſſiculum ſubrotundum ovale—Stapes […]
- Chorda tympani—four auditory ossicles, 267—malleus—incus—subrotund oval ossicle—stapes […]
- Chorda tympani—Oſſicula quatuor auditus, 267—Malleus—Incus—Oſſiculum ſubrotundum ovale—Stapes […]
- 1794, Gulielmo Rowley, Schola Medicinæ Universalis Nova, pars prior, page ix
InflectionEdit
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
nominative | malleus | malleī |
genitive | malleī | malleōrum |
dative | malleō | malleīs |
accusative | malleum | malleōs |
ablative | malleō | malleīs |
vocative | mallee | malleī |
SynonymsEdit
- martellus (Medieval Latin)
Derived termsEdit
Related termsEdit
DescendantsEdit
ReferencesEdit
- malleus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- malleus in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- malleus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- malleus in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- malleus in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin