Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/oje

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

From Proto-Balto-Slavic *ajas, from Proto-Indo-European *Hóyh₁os (“pole, tiller”) (given as *h₂éyh₁os by Snoj), perhaps ultimately from *h₂ey- (“to push, to force”) or *h₃ey- (“to steer”) (classical reconstructions just give *ei-/*oi- “post, bar”). Cognate with Proto-Finnic *aisa (“pole”) (of Indo-European origin, possibly Balto-Slavic), Ancient Greek οἰήϊον (oiḗïon, “handle of rudder”), Hittite 𒄭𒅖𒊭𒀭 (ḫišša-, “carriage pole”), Sanskrit ईषा (īṣā, “plank, pole”), Avestan 𐬀𐬉𐬱𐬀 (aēša, “plough”). Further akin via other suffixes to Lithuanian íena (“thill”), Proto-Germanic *airō (“oar”), Ancient Greek οἴᾱξ (oíāx, “helm”).

Noun

*ȍje n

1. thill, shaft

   Synonym: *grędeľь

Alterantive forms

• *ojь m, *oja f (reanalyzed as masc. or fem. nouns at later times)

Declension

Originally:

Declension of *ȍje (s-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȍje	*ȍjesi	*ojesà
genitive	*ȍjese	*ojesù	*ojèsъ
dative	*ȍjesi	*ojesьmà	*ojèsьmъ
accusative	*ȍje	*ȍjesi	*ojesà
instrumental	*ȍjesьmь	*ojesьmà	*ojesý
locative	*ȍjese	*ojesù	*ojèsьxъ
vocative	*ȍje	*ȍjesi	*ojesà

Reanalyzed among some descendants as:

Declension of *ȍje (soft o-stem, accent paradigm c)

	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*ȍje	*ȍji	*ojà
genitive	*ȍja	*ojù	*òjь
dative	*ȍju	*ojemà	*ojémъ
accusative	*ȍje	*ȍji	*ojà
instrumental	*ȍjьmь, *ȍjemь*	*ojemà	*ojí
locative	*ȍji	*ojù	*ojíxъ
vocative	*ȍje	*ȍji	*ojà

^* -ьmь in North Slavic, -emь in South Slavic.

Derived terms

• *ojьce, *ojica (diminutive)
• *ojišče (augmentative)
• *ojesьnъ, *ojьnъ (referencial adjectives)
  • *ojesьnica, *ojьnica (“handlebar”)

Descendants

• East Slavic:
  • Belarusian: вае́ (vajé) (dialectal)
  • Russian: воё (vojó), вое́ (vojé) (dialectal)
  • Ukrainian: вія́ (vijá), воє́ (vojé) (dialectal)
• South Slavic:
  • Bulgarian: уя́ f (ujá) (Eastern Rupian)
    • ⇒ Bulgarian: ои́ще (oíšte), вои́ще (voíšte, “tillerbar of plough”) (dialectal)
  • Macedonian: оје (oje, “hem, bar”) (Tetovo)
  • Serbo-Croatian:

    Cyrillic script: о̀је n; о́ја f (secondary)

    Latin script: òje n; ója f (secondary)

  • Slovene: ojẹ̑ (tonal orthography)
• West Slavic:
  • Old Czech: oje n, ojě f
    • Czech: oj m
      • Moravian (Mistřice): u̯oje
  • Old Polish: oje
    • ⇒ Polish: wojnica (“rudderbar”)
  • Slovak: oje, ojo
  • Sorbian:
    • Lower Sorbian: wójo
    • Upper Sorbian: wojo

• Non-Slavic:
  • ⇒ Romanian: oiște (“shaft, beam, pole of carriage”)

References

Further reading

• Trubachyov, O., Zhuravlyov, A. F., editors (2005), “*oje”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 32 (*obžьnъ – *orzbotati), Moscow: Nauka, →ISBN, page 35
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “воё”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress
• Melnychuk, O. S., editor (1982), “війя”, in Етимологічний словник української мови [Etymological Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1 (А – Г), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka, page 397
• Georgiev, Vladimir I., Duridanov, I. V., editors (1995), “оище”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 4 (мѝнго² – па̀дам), Sofia: Prof. Marin Drinov Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 822
• “iena”, in Lietuvių kalbos etimologinio žodyno duomenų bazė [Lithuanian etymological dictionary database], 2007–2012